Glycogen Metabolism regulation

Question 1

Glycogen Synthase allosteric activators?

Answer 1

High Glucose 6 Phosphate

Question 2

Glycogen Synthase hormonal regulators?

Answer 2

Insulin activates it by removing phosphates

Glucagon deactivates it by adding phosphates

Question 3

Glycogen Synthase is an enzyme of?

Answer 3

Glycogenesis

Question 4

What does UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase do?

Answer 4

Takes UTP and Glucose 1-Phosphate and attaches the UMP to the glucose 1 phosphate and converts them into UDP-glucose and PPi
PPi is converted into 2Pi by pyrophosphatase

Question 5

What does Glycogen synthase do?

Answer 5

It attaches the free glucose from UDP-glucose to the glycogenin molecule with a tyrosine end

Question 6

What does branching enzyme do?

Answer 6

It breaks the long chain of Glucose molecules (alpha 1-4 bonds) at one point and then attaches it to the 6th carbon of the glucose (alpha 1-6 bond)

Question 7

What are the allosteric activators of Glycogen Phosphorylase?

Answer 7

AMP - low energy means that glycogenolysis should happen to provide glucose

Question 8

What inhibit glycogenolysis?

Answer 8

High Glucose 6-Phosphate
ATP
Glucose in liver

Question 9

Hormonal control of Glycogenolysis?

Answer 9

Insulin inactivates Glycogen Phosphorylase
Glucagon activates Glycogen Phosphorylase by G-protein S thing (Adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, Protein Kinase A)
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine activates Glycogen Phosphorylase by Gq protein

Question 10

What does Glycogen Phosphorylase do?

Answer 10

Breaks the alpha 1-4 bonds by adding phosphates to the long-chain till third last carbon releasing Glucose-1-Phosphate