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Cell Bio > Glycobiology > Flashcards

Glycobiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three main components of glycobiology

A

Lectins Glycans and Glycoenzyems

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2
Q

What are glycans

A

Carbohydrates and sugars

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3
Q

What are lectins

A

Glycan binding protiens

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4
Q

What are glycan modifying enzymes

A

Glycotransferase and glycosidases

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5
Q

What are the central molecules of glycobiology

A

Glycans that are produced or modified by glycoenzymes and recognized by lectins

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6
Q

What is glycocalyx

A

Used to describe the carbohydrate rich zone on the cell surface

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7
Q

How can you recognize the glycocalyx zone

A

Using a variety of stains such as ruthenium red
Also its affinity for carbohydrate-binding protiens called lectins which can be labeled with a flourescent dye or another visible marker

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8
Q

What is glycocalyx made up of

A

Glycan chains of membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids and absorbed glycomolecules

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9
Q

What is the function of the glycocalyx

A

Protect cells against mechanical and chemic to keep foreign objects and other cells at a distance preventing undesirable protien-protein interacations

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10
Q

What else can membrane glycoproteins do

A

Involved in transmembrane signalling and intercellular communications

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11
Q

What does the glycocalyx represent

A

Glycans represent complex branched structures of different sizes that looks like trees

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12
Q

What does the different dimensions of the glycocalyx mean

A

That the role of the glycocalyx may be cell-speceific and be involved in regulation of different cellular responses

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13
Q

How many common monosaccharides are there

A

9

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14
Q

D-glucose can exist in how many forms and what are they

A

three different forms a linear and two different rings a pyranose and furanose

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15
Q

Which ring of D-glucose dominantes in biological systems

A

Pyranose

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16
Q

What are the two different forms of anomers

A

Anomers and steriosmers which include alpha and beta anomers depending on the positon of the hydroxol group at position one

17
Q

What is it called when sugars differ only by the configuration around one carbon atom

A

Epimers D-manose and Dglacotse are epimers of D-glucose

18
Q

What are protiens

A

Linear polymers containg up to several thousand amino acids linked by peptide bonds

19
Q

What are nucleic acids

A

Linear polymers containt hundreds to millions of nucleotides by phosphodiester bonds

20
Q

What are glycans

A

Linear or branched polymers or monsaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds

21
Q

What is the glycosidic bond formed by

A

The anomeric carbon of one monosaccharide and a hydroxyl group of another

22
Q

What is the difference between glycans and proteins and nucleic acids

A

The glycosidic bonds can be formed between individual monsaccharides

23
Q

What is an example of different bonds between individual monosaccharides

A

Lactose has a different bond between glactose and glucose then glucose has with fructose as result complex branched structures are common

24
Q

What is the linkage in N-linked glycans

A

GlcNAc B linked to the amide nitrogen of an asparagine residue in the seqeuce Asn-X-Ser or Asn-X-Thr where X is any amino acid expect proline or aspartic acid

25
Q

What is the first sugar of N-glycans attached

A

GlcNac

26
Q

What is the linkage of glycans in O-linked

A

Attached to the OH group of either serine or theroine resuidues

27
Q

What is the most common O-glycosidic attachment

A

Involves the disaccharide core B-glactosyl (1-3) a- N-acetylglactoasimne

28
Q

What are less common O-linked glycans

A

Glactose, mannose and xylose

29
Q

Can O-linked glycans vary in size

A

YES from a single sugar residue to the long chains of up to 1000 monosaccharides units in proteoglycans

30
Q

What do all N-linked glycans contain

A

A common core pentassacharide structre attached to asparagine but differ in temrinal elborations that extend from this core

31
Q

What is glycoproteins

A

Glycosylate protiens with covalently linked N-glycans and O-glycans glycoprotiens are assembled through the ER-golgi pathway

32
Q

What is GPI

A

Anchored glycoprotiens contain a specific glycan bridge between lipid anchor and the C-terminus of a protien

33
Q

What is EGF/TSR

A

Epidmerla growth factor and thrombospondin represent membrane protiens which are glycosylated with only short unbranched carbohydrate structures

34
Q

What are proteoglycans

A

Are glycoconjugates that have one or more glycoasminoglycans covalently attached to core protien they are linear

35
Q
A

Cell Bio (11 decks)

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