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MBOD week 11 > Glycerolipids > Flashcards

Glycerolipids Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of glycerolipids?

A
  1. Glycerol Backbone
  2. 2 fatty acids
  3. Polar head group
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2
Q

What kind of lipids are plasmalogens and Platelet Activating Factor?

A

Either Glycerolipids

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3
Q

What types of lipids are typically found on the inner leaflet of the cell membrane?

A

Glycerol Lipids

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4
Q

What kinds of lipids are typically found on the outer leaflet (ECM side) of the plasma membrane?

A

Sphingolipids and Glycolipids

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5
Q

What type of glycerolipids plays the role of storing and transporting fatty acids?

A

TAGs

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6
Q

What enzyme cleaves TAG and DAG to make 2-MG?

A

Pancreatic Lipase

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7
Q

Where does a TAG get converted to FAs and 2-MG?

A

intestinal Lumen

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8
Q

Where does TAG get resynthesized?

A

Enterocyte cytoplasm

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9
Q

What is the job of MTP?

A

To get TAGs and Lipids into the ER

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10
Q

What is the mode of movement for exogenous TAGs?

A

Chylomicrons

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11
Q

How much energy is required to make a TAG from glycerol and fatty acids in the liver?

A

4 ATP, less energy is needed because the liver has glycerol kinase

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12
Q

How much energy is required to make a TAG from DHAP and fatty acids in adipose tissue?

A

3 ATP, 1 NADH (~2.5 ATP), more energy is required because glycerol cannot be directly used

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13
Q

T or F: about 1/2 of what fat cells release in FA-albumin comes back in to get reesterified?

A

True

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14
Q

What would happen if you were born with PEPCK that was more efficient than wild type PEPCK?

A

You would be fat because it would allow for OAA to be turned into pyruvate and pushed back up through gluconeogenesis until DHAP was formed and utilized in the TAG synthesis pathway

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15
Q

What is phosphatitidic acid?

A
  • Glycerol with FAs at position 1 and 2 and Phosphate at 3
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16
Q

When does LPL increase on the adipocyte cell surface?

A

when insulin is high in the fed state

17
Q

Besides LPL, what else is responsive to insulin that aids in TAG synthesis in adipocytes?

A

GLUT 4 gets upregulated to allow for more glucose to enter to make DHAP

18
Q

Suppose the gene for ApoCII were knocked out, what would you expect to see in this rat?

A

lots of fat in the blood

19
Q

What cleaves the phosphodiester bond between glycerol and the PO4?

A

Phospholipase C, this makes DAG (think about signaling pathway)

20
Q

What cleaves the Fatty acid off of the 1 position of glycerol?

A

Phospholipase A1

21
Q

What cleaves the Fatty acid off of the 2 position of glycerol?

A

Phospholipase A2

22
Q

What cleaves the head group from the phosphate?

A

Phospholipase D

23
Q

What are the two different methods of converting phosphotidic acid to Glycerophospholipids?

A
  1. Add activated headgroup to DAG
  2. Activate DAG then add headgroup

***Both processes require a CTP

24
Q

T or F: certain headgroups like Serine and Ethanolamine can be reversibly interchanged

A

True

25
Q

Which phosphotidic acid head group addition method is used for cariolipin?

A

Activation of DAG

26
Q

What glycerolphospholipid is a major component of lung surfactant?

A
  • Phosphatidylcholine (lecithin)
27
Q

What causes repiratory stress syndrome in newborns?

A

Before ~35 weeks newborns not have enough Phosphatidyl Choline surfactant

28
Q

What does phophatidyl choline form when acted on by phospholipase A2?

A

Arachidonic acid

29
Q

What turns PIP2 into DAG?

A

Phospholipase C

30
Q

T or F: DAG can be used to make arachidonic acid

A

True

31
Q

What is the importance of arachidonic acid?

A
  • Eicosanoid Synthesis (aka prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes)
32
Q

What are the difference in endogenous degration at the LPL complex and exogenous at LPL?

A

Endogenous = VLDL
- Remnants = IDL and LDL

Endogenous = Chylomicron
- Just remnants

33
Q

Where can TG synthase be found?

A

Bound to the ER membrane

MBOD week 11 (11 decks)

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