Glycémie anormale, diabète Flashcards

1
Q

The most common cuase of hypoglycemia in a previousy stable, well-controlled diabetic pt who has not changed his diet or insulin dosage is..?

A

db renal dz

(néphropathie db)
*insuline exogène est métabolisée a/n rénale, si IRC, temps de demi/vie insuline aug, donc dim besoin insuline, + hypoglycémie si dosage non ajusté

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2
Q

Triade hypoglycémie?

A

Triade de Whipple:

sx are known or likely to be caused by hypoglycemia

a low plasma glcose measured at the time of sx

relief of sx when the glucose is raised to N

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3
Q

[…] is a non-sulfonylurea agent that interacts with a diferrent portion of the sulfonylurea receptor to stimulate insule secretion. It may cause hypoglycemia.

A

Repaglinide

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4
Q

test #1 pour dépister néphropathie db?

A

recherche de microalbuminurie

–> ratio albu:créat

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5
Q

The use of a long-acting insulun provides flexibility with the timing of injections and enhances compliance, which in turn could […]?

A

improve control of the pt DB, deresse the risk of hypoglycemia,
and imprve overall pt satisfaction

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6
Q

gestion pré-op de Db si chx: cardiothoracique, ortho ou neuro?

A

*considered maor surgeries

MTF should be stopped the evening before the chx
It should not be taken the day of chx
Premixed insulin (such as biphasic insulin Aspart 70/30) should be taken as 80% usual nighttime dose

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7
Q

un signe insulinorésistance?

A
acanthosis nigricans
(DB type II)
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8
Q

For geriatric pt in long-terme car facilities, the predictable glucose control of […] is the best approach to consider intially.

A

insulin glargine

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9
Q

[…] is contraindicated in pt with liver dysfct, IC, and those with renal dysfct (ClCr < 30 ml/min)

A

Metformin

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10
Q

dx DB?

A

pt sx + 1 des signes suivants
ou
2 signes suivant (si sans sx) ou 1 signe + sur 2 mesures indépendantes

gly à jeun: >= 7,0
HbA1c >= 6,5%
2 h post glucose 75g >= 11,1
glycémie aléatoire > = 11,1

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11
Q

valeur N de gly à jeun? HbA1c?

A

< 5,6

< 5,5 %

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12
Q

quel AG test DB gesta?

A

25-28 sem de AG

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13
Q

dx prob?
hypergly
hypercétonémie
acidose métabolique

A

acidocétose DB

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14
Q

dx prob?
hyperglycémie
aéc
déshydratation

A

Sd hyperglycémie hyperosmolaire

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15
Q
DKA vs Sd HH?
pH
bic
cétone
Osm
A

DKA:
pH < 7,3
bic < 18
cétonémie mod ou cétonurie

Sd HH:
pH > 7,3
Bic > 18
Osm > 320 mOsm/kg
légère ou pas de cétonémie ou ni cétonurie
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16
Q

conduite DKA?

A

monitoring avec ions, Osm, gly, état volémique, gaz

fluide iv (NS)

insuline iv (tenir compte de l’anion gap)

K: si < 5,0 (car insuline fait entre K en intracell)

glucose: si glyc 15 mM, soluté dextrosé
bic: si pH < 6,9 –> donner 1-2 ampoules de bic

tx condition précipitante

17
Q

conduite Sd HH?

A

monitoring, possible admission USI, avec ions, Osm, gly, état volémique, gaz

fluide iv

monitoring Na: corriger Na selon glycémie (Na pas inf à 8 car risque oedème cérébral)
3 meq/L de Na q 10 mmol/L de glucose au-dessus de 10 mmol

insuline pour corriger la glycémie

tx condition précipitante

18
Q

complications du db? (en chronique)

A

rétinopathie
néphropathie
neuropathie

HTA
DLP
MVAS
MCAS
mx cérébrovasc
19
Q

dépistage rétinopathie DB?

A

ophtalmo q 1 an

type 1: à partir de 5 ans après le dx

20
Q

dépistage néphropathie DB?

A

test microalbuminurie q 1 an:
= 30-300 mg / 24 h sur 2/3 échantillons

type 1: à partir de 3 post dx ou avec le début de la puberté

21
Q

Dépistage neuropathie DB?

A

q 1 an
test de sensibilité avec monofilament 10 g ou vibrations aux gros orteils

type 1: à partir de 5 ans post dx ou au début de la puberté

22
Q

hormone de contre-régulation (vs insuline) dans l’homéostasie du glucose?

A

glucagon
épinéphrine
GH
cortisol

23
Q

investigation hypoglycémie?

A
bilan hépatique
bilan cardiaque
bilan septique
r/o anorexie
r/o malnutrition
dosage insuline
dosage glucagon, cortisol, GH,
dosage C-peptide
24
Q

test pour confirmer triade Whipple hypoglycémie?

A

test de jeûne

25
Q

management hypoglycémie aigue?

A

glucides rapides, 15g
contrôle q 15 min
si sévère: glucose iv

si insuline +++ : glucacon IM ou IV

26
Q

dx hypoglycémie sur glucomètre?

A

< 4,0

pour sx < 3,3

pour atteinte SNC <2,8