Gluteals

Question 1

Name the superior gluteal muscles

Answer 1

Gluteus maximums, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Question 2

What are the origins of the gluteus maximus muscle?

Answer 2

Iliac crest, sacrum and coccyx

Question 3

Where does the gluteus maximus muscle insert?

Answer 3

Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur

Question 4

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus muscle?

Answer 4

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 5

What are the functions of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 5

Hip extension, external rotation and stabilisation

Question 6

What is the common insertion of the gluteus medius and minimus muscles?

Answer 6

Greater trochanter of femur

Question 7

What nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minimus muscles?

Answer 7

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 8

What are the functions of the gluteus medius and minimus muscles?

Answer 8

Hip stabilisation, hip Flexion/extension and internal/external rotation

Question 9

What is the origin of the gluteus medius muscle?

Answer 9

Iliac crest

Question 10

What is the origin of the gluteus minimus muscle?

Answer 10

Ilium

Question 11

Describe what would be seen if the superior gluteal nerve was damaged?

Answer 11

Positive Trendelenburg sign. Dropping of hip when walking or standing on one leg.

Question 12

What is the function of the deep gluteal muscles?

Answer 12

External rotation and hip abduction

Question 13

What is the common insertion of the deep gluteal muscles?

Answer 13

Greater trochanter of femur

Question 14

What are the 5 deep gluteal muscles?

Answer 14

Piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, obturator internus and quadratus femoris (vastus lateralis, vastus intermedialis, vastus medialis and rectus femoris)

Question 15

What nerve innervates the superior gemellus and obturator internus muscles?

Answer 15

Obturator internus nerve

Question 16

What nerve innervates the inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris muscles?

Answer 16

Quadratus femoris nerve

Question 17

What are the roots of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 17

L4-S3

Question 18

Where does the sciatic nerve emerge?

Answer 18

Inferior to piriformis muscle

Question 19

Describe the iliotibial tract (what is it and what does it do?)

Answer 19

Fibrous reinforcement of fascia lata. Stabilises knee in extension (knee lock)

Question 20

What is piriformis syndrome?

Answer 20

Condition often seen in young, athletic adults. Piriformis muscle causes impingement or irritation of sciatic nerve causing pain, spasms, numbness and paraesthesia.