Gluteal Region/Posterior Thigh

Question 1

fovea capitis

Answer 1

site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur

Question 2

greater trochanter of the femur

Answer 2

large prominence that serves as a site of attachment for multiple muscles in the region

Question 3

quadrate tubercule

Answer 3

site of attachment for the quadratus femoris muscle

just inferior on the greater trochanter posteriorly

Question 4

gluteal tuberosity

Answer 4

one of the insertion sites for the gluteus maximus

lateral line under the greater trochanter, posteriorly

Question 5

pectineal line

Answer 5

medial line under the lesser trochanter posteriorly

Question 6

intertrochanteric crest

Answer 6

crest between the 2 trochanters posteriorly

Question 7

linea aspera

Answer 7

where the pectineal line and gluteal tuberosity join

Question 8

os coxa

Answer 8

part of the pelvis that articulates with the femur- joining of ischium, ilium, and pelvis

Question 9

acetabulum

Answer 9

socket of the hip joint

Question 10

describe where the gluteus muscles arise in relation to the gluteal lines

Answer 10

glut max- posterior to the posterior line, most medially, (also on sarotuberous ligament

glut med- in between posterior and anterior glut lines

glut mid- between anterior and inferior glut lines

Question 11

describe the design of the hip ligaments

Answer 11

they are wrapped around the neck of the femur such that they tighten with extension, making it so that you can stand with your hips extended and not expend energy

they insert at the trochanters

the strongest of these ligaments is the iliofemoral, which is anterior and shaped like a Y

the posterior ligaments are weaker

Question 12

acetabular labrum

Answer 12

a ring of fibrocartilage that deepens the socket of the hip

Question 13

there is a synovial capsule that surrounds both the blabrum and the joint itself

Answer 13

ok

Question 14

ligament of the head of the femur

Answer 14

ligamentum teres

extends from the pelvis into the fovea capitis, carrying the artery of the head of the femur

Question 15

coxa valga/vara

Answer 15

vara- angle is too small

valga- angle is too large

can result in abnormal gaits and degenerative disease

Question 16

shentons line

Answer 16

artificial radiology shadow formed by femur neck and superior aspect of the obturator foramen

Question 17

what is the appearance of a fractured femur neck

Answer 17

externally rotated and superiorly displaced leg

Question 18

osteoarthritis

Answer 18

degenerative arthritis of the hip

Question 19

trendelenburg test

Answer 19

tests the strength of the glut med/min

lift one leg, and the glut min/med must support the lifted hip. positive is if the lifted hip sags

Question 20

tensor fasciae lata

Answer 20

stabilizes pelvis and helps to keep knee extended by tensing IT tract

o- asis

ins- IT band

inn- superior gluteal nerve

Question 21

glut max

Answer 21

laterally rotates thigh at hip
extends thigh against resistance

o- sacrum, ilium, sacrotuberous ligament

ins- IT tract, gluteal tuberosity

inn- inferior gluteal nerve

Question 22

glut med

Answer 22

abducts and medially rotates thigh, stabilizes hips when opposite leg raised

o- ilium b/t anterior and posterior glut lines

ins- greater trochanter of femur

inn- superior gluteal nerve

Question 23

glut min

Answer 23

abducts and medially rotates thigh, stabilizes hips when opposite leg raised

o- ilium b/t inferior and posterior glut lines

ins- greater trochanter of femur

inn- superior gluteal nerve

Question 24

piriformis

Answer 24

laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

o- anterior part of sacrum

ins- femur, greater trochanter

inn- sacral plexus

Question 25

gemelli

Answer 25

laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

o- lesser sciatic notch

ins- femur, greater trochanter

inn- sacral plexus

Question 26

obturator internus

Answer 26

laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

o- internal surface of obturator membrane

ins- femur, greater trochanter

inn- sacral plexus

Question 27

quadratus femoris

Answer 27

laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

o- ischial tuberosity

ins- quadrate tubercle of femur

inn- sacral plexus

Question 28

semimembranosus

Answer 28

extends the thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee

o- ischial tuberosity

ins- proximal tibia

inn- sciatic nerve (tibial portion)

Question 29

semitendinosus

Answer 29

extends the thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee

o- ischial tuberosity

ins- medial aspect of tibia inferior to condyle (part of pes anserinus)

inn- sciatic nerve (tibial portion)

Question 30

biceps femoris

Answer 30

long head-
extends thigh at hip/flexes leg t knee joint

o- ischial tuberosity

ins- head of the fibula

inn- sciatic nerve (tibial portion)

short head-
flexes leg at knee joint

o- linea aspera

ins- head of fibula

inn- sciatic nerve (common fibular portion)

Question 31

where do the superior gluteal vessels run?

Answer 31

in between glut med and min

Question 32

how do most nerves and vessels enter the gluteal region

Answer 32

greater sciatic foramen and v

suprapiriform- superior gluteal

infrapiriform- inferiorior glute a and v
pudendal n
internal pudendal a and v
sciatic n
posterior femoral cutaneous n

Question 33

where is safe for intramuscular injections

Answer 33

anterior superior quadrant of the glute

Question 34

what supplies the posterior thigh w/ blood?

Answer 34

branches of the deep femoral artery

Question 35

what vessels supply the head and neck of the femur

Answer 35

medial (major source) and lateral circumflex vessels