Gluteal Region Muscles

Question 1

GLuteal region muscles

Answer 1

Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus
Tensor fascia lata
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris

Question 2

Main action of gluteus maximus

Answer 2

Extends thigh (especially from flexed position)
Assists in lateral rotation
Steadies thigh
Assists in rising from sitting position

Question 3

Main action of gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia lata

Answer 3

ABduct and medially rotate thigh
Keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance the opposite (unsupported) side during swing phase

Trendelenberg gait

Question 4

Main action of prirformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gamelli

Answer 4

Laterally rotate extended high
ABduct flexed thigh
Steady femoral head in acetabulum

Question 5

Main action of quadratus femoris

Answer 5

Laterally rotates thigh
Steadies femoral head
Does not ABduct flexed thigh like the other rotators

Question 6

What are the 6 lateral rotators of the thigh

Answer 6

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior gemelli
Inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris
Obturator externus

“POSI QO”

Question 7

What other actions do the 6 lateral rotators do besides lateral rotation of the thigh

Answer 7

Stabilize hip joint, work w/ strong ligaments of the hip to steady femoral head in acetabulum

Question 8

What nerves and vessels ENTER the gluteus maximus at its center?

Answer 8

The inferior gluteal N and A

Question 9

What does gluteus maximus do when the distal attachment is fixed

Answer 9

The muscle extends the trunk on the lower limb

Question 10

Everyday examples of gluteus maximus action

Answer 10

Rising from sitting position
Straightening from bending position
Walking uphill and upstairs
Running

Not used during casual walking or motionless standing

Question 11

Why can the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata assist in stabilizing the extended knee

Answer 11

B/c the IT band crosses the knee and attaches to the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia

Question 12

What 3 bursae are associated w/ gluteus maximus

Answer 12

Trochanteric bursa
Ischia bursa
Gluteofemoral bursa

Question 13

Trochanteric bursa

Answer 13

Separates superior fibers of glut max from greater trochanter. Very large at birth.

Question 14

Ischial bursa

Answer 14

Separates inferior part of glut max from ischial tuberosity; often absent

Question 15

Gluteofemoral bursa

Answer 15

Separates IT from superior part of proximal attachment of vastus lateralis.

Question 16

Which gluteal muscles share a common distal attachment to the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia via IT tract

Answer 16

Tensor fascia lata

Anterior part of glut max

Question 17

Unlike the glut max, the tensor fascia lata is served by ___

Answer 17

Superior gluteal neurovascular bundle. Glut max is inferior.

Question 18

Why is tensor fascia lata primarily a flexor of the thigh

Answer 18

Bc of its anterior location. This muscle does not act indepedently. generally.

Question 19

What muscles does the tensor fascia lata work w/ to produce flexion

Answer 19

Iliopsoas and rectus femoris

Question 20

What does tensor fascia lata do when the knee is extended

Answer 20

Increases extending force and helps support against lateral sway

Question 21

What does tensor fascia lata do when the knee is flexed

Answer 21

Synergistically augment flexion and lateral rotation of the leg

Question 22

Landmark of gluteal region

Answer 22

Piriformis

Question 23

What emerges superiorly and inferiorally to the piriformis

Answer 23

Superior: superior gluteal vessels and nerves
Inferior: inferior gluteal vessels and nerves

Question 24

which gluteal muscles are incapable of independent muscle action?

Answer 24

The triceps coxae: Superior and inferior gemelli and obturator internus.

Question 25

Why is obturator externus included in both medial and gluteal regions?

Answer 25

Medial: because of its location and innervation by obturator nerve
Gluteal: functions as a lateral rotator of the thigh and its distal attachment only visible in dissection of gluteal region or hip joint.

Question 26

When is obturator externus most effective

Answer 26

It is most effective as a lateral rotator when the hip joint is flexed.