Gluteal Region

Question 1

Superficial compartment

Muscles

Answer 1

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata

Act to abduct and medially rotate the lower limb
Innervated by superior gluteal nerve (except for gluteus maximus)

Question 2

Gluteus maximus

Origin

Answer 2

Posterior/gluteal surface of the ilium

Question 3

Gluteus maximus

Insertion

Answer 3

Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Question 4

Gluteus maximus

Innervation

Answer 4

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 5

Gluteus maximus

Function

Answer 5

Extends the thigh (only used when force is required, e.g. running)

Question 6

Gluteus medius

Origin

Answer 6

Gluteal surface of the ilium

Question 7

Gluteus medius

Insertion

Answer 7

Lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 8

Gluteus medius

Innervation

Answer 8

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 9

Gluteus medius

Function

Answer 9

Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb

Question 10

Gluteus minimus

Origin

Answer 10

Ilium

Question 11

Gluteus minimus

Insertion

Answer 11

Anterior side of the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 12

Gluteus minimus

Innervation

Answer 12

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 13

Gluteus minimus

Function

Answer 13

Abducts and medially rotates the lower limb

Secures lower limb in locomotion preventing hip drop

Question 14

Tensor fascia lata

Origin

Answer 14

Anterior iliac crest

Question 15

Tenor fascia lata

Insertion

Answer 15

Iliotibial tract

Question 16

Tensor fascia lata

Innervation

Answer 16

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 17

Tensor fascia lata

Function

Answer 17

Abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb

Question 18

Deep compartment

Muscles

Answer 18

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Gemelli
Quadratis femoris

Act to laterally rotate the lower limb and stabilise the hip (pulls femoral head into acetabulum)

Question 19

Piriformis

Regions

Answer 19

Separates superior and inferior gluteal regions - sciatic nerve emerges directly below it

Question 20

Piriformis

Origin

Answer 20

Anterior surface of the sacrum

Question 21

Piriformis

Insertion

Answer 21

Greater trochanter of femur (via the greater sciatic foramen)

Question 22

Piriformis

Innervation

Answer 22

Nerve to piriformis

Question 23

Piriformis

Function

Answer 23

Lateral rotation

Abduction

Question 24

Obturator internus

Origin

Answer 24

Pubis and ischium (at the obturator foramen)

Question 25

Obturator internus

Insertion

Answer 25

Greater trochanter of femur (via the lesser sciatic foramen)

Question 26

Obturator internus

Innervation

Answer 26

Nerve to obturator internus

Question 27

Obturator internus

Function

Answer 27

Lateral rotation

Abduction

Question 28

Gemelli

Tendon

Answer 28

Superior and inferior departed by obturator internus tendon

Question 29

Gemelli

Origin

Answer 29

Superior = ischial spine
Inferior = ischial tuberosity

Question 30

Gemelli

Insertion

Answer 30

Greater trochanter of the femur

Question 31

Gemelli

Innervation

Answer 31

Superior = nerve to obturator internus
Inferior = nerve to quadratis femoris

Question 32

Gemelli

Function

Answer 32

Arterial rotation

Abduction

Question 33

Quadratis femoris

Origin

Answer 33

Lateral side of the ischial tuberosity

Question 34

Quadratis femoris

Insertion

Answer 34

Quadrate tuberosity of the intertrochanteric crest

Question 35

Quadratis femoris

Innervation

Answer 35

Nerve to quadratis femoris

Question 36

Quadratis femoris

Function

Answer 36

Lateral rotation