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Human Anatomy > Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial Gluteal Muscles

A

1) gluteus Maximus m. L5, S1, S2
2) gluteus medius m. L5, S1
3) gluteus minimus m. L5, S1

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2
Q

Deep gluteal muscles

A

1) piriformis m. S1, S2
3) superior gemellus m. L5, S1
4) obturator internus m. L5, S1
5) inferior gemellus m. L5, S1
6) obturator externus m. L5, S1
7) quadratus femoris m. L5, S1

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3
Q

What happens to the gluteus Maximus (L5, S1, S2) when the thigh is flexed?

A

It moves superiorly, revealing the ischium tuberosities.

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4
Q

True or False: paralysis of the gluteus Maximus will affect walking on a slope.

A

True: the gluteus Maximus is used for climbing, it would have no effect walking on level ground.

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5
Q

The bursae surrounding the gluteus Maximus

A

1) trochanteric bursa
2) ischial bursa
3) gluteofemoral bursa

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6
Q

The largest burse adjacent to the gluteus Maximus m.

A

The trochanteric bursa, it is located between the gluteus Maximus and greater trochanter

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7
Q

Gluteus Maximus test:

A

1) person is in prone position with straight lower limb
2) tighten buttock and extend hip joint
3) see and palp
4) tests the integrity of the inferior gluteal n. (L5, S1, S2)

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8
Q

Superior part of the ________ is palpated inferior to the iliac crest.

A

Gluteus medius m. L5, S1

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9
Q

The ______ is deep to the gluteus medius m.

A

Gluteus minimus m. L5, S1

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10
Q

Gluteus medius m. and Gluteus minimus m. test:

A

1) position patient on their side, with test limb on top
2) flex lower limb at hip and knee for stability
3) ABD thigh without flexion or rotation against resistance
4) palp gluteus medius inferior to iliac crest
5) tests the integrity of the Superior Gluteal n. (L5, S1)

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11
Q

This muscle shares a common insertion with the anterior part of the Gluteus Maximus m.

A

Tensor Fascia Lata m. (L5, S1)

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12
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata m. (_____) acts with ______ and _______ mm. to produce flexion.

A

(L5, S1)
Iliopsoas m. (L1, L2, L3)
Rectus Femoris m. (L2, L3, L4)

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13
Q

Piriformis m. gets it name due to its:

A

Pear-like shape

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14
Q

True or False: the sciatic n. emerges through the piriformis m.

A

False: the Sciatic n. emerges inferior to the piriformis m.

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15
Q

This muscle is known as the landmark of the gluteal region.

A

Piriformis m. (S1, S2)

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16
Q

“Landmark of the Gluteal Region” means:

A

1) superior gluteal nn., aa., vv., emerge superior to it

2) inferior gluteal nn., aa., vv., emerge inferior to it

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17
Q

This m. is the extrapelvic reinforcement of the obturator internus.

A

Superior Gemellus m. (L5, S1)

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18
Q

The Triceps Coxae is formed by:

A

1) Superior Gemellus m. (L5, S1)
2) Obturator Internus m. (L5, S1)
3) Inferior Gemellus m. (L5, S1)

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19
Q

This muscle leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen.

A

Piriformis m. (S1, S2)

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20
Q

This m. leaves the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen.

A

Obturator Internus m. (L5, S1)

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21
Q

This muscle is inferior to the inferior Gemellus m.

A

Quadratus Femoris m. (L5, S1)

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22
Q

What is the trochanteric anastomosis?

A

The communication between the superior gluteal a., the inferior gluteal a., and the medial femoral circumflex aa.

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23
Q

What is the cruciate anastomosis?

A

Communication between the internal iliac a. and the femoral a. via the profunda Femoris a.
It involves the inferior gluteal a., medial femoral circumflex a., ascending and transverse branches of the lateral femoral circumflex a., and the 1st perforation a. of the profunda Femoris a.

24
Q

Mm. Involved with the lateral rotation of an extended thigh

A

1) piriformis m. (S1, S2)
2) superior Gemellus m. (L5, S1)
3) obturator internus m. (L5, S1)
4) inferior Gemellus m. (L5, S1)

25
Q

These gluteal muscles originate from the ischial tuberosity.

A

1) inferior Gemellus m. (L5, S1)

2) quadratus Femoris m. (L5, S1) (lateral border)

26
Q

True or False: The quadratus Femoris m. and the inferior Gemellus m. are both innervated by the Nerve to Obturator Internus.

A

False: they are both innervated by the Nerve to the quadratus Femoris (L5, S1)

27
Q

True or False: both the inferior Gemellus and quadratus Femoris mm. laterally rotate the extended thigh.

A

False: the quadratus Femoris does not specify lateral rotation for an extended thigh.

28
Q

Name the muscles that insert on the greater trochanter or the trochanteric fossa.

A

1) gluteus medius (L5, S1) - lateral border of the greater trochanter
2) gluteus minimus (L5, S1) - anterior border of the greater trochanter
3) piriformis (S1, S2) - superior border of the greater trochanter
4) obturator internus (L5, S1) - trochanteric fossa
5) superior Gemellus (L5, S1) - t. of obturator internus
6) inferior Gemellus (L5, S1) - t. of obturator internus

29
Q

Which nerves supply gluteal muscles with the nerve roots of exactly L5, S1?

A

1) superior gluteal n.
2) nerve to obturator internus
3) nerve to quadratus Femoris

30
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the superior gluteal n.?

A

1) gluteus Medius (L5, S1)
2) gluteus Minimus (L5, S1)
3) tensor fascia Lata (L5, S1)

31
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the nerve to obturator internus?

A

1) superior Gemellus (L5, S1)

2) obturator internus (L5, S1)

32
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the nerve to quadratus Femoris?

A

1) inferior Gemellus (L5, S1)

2) quadratus Femoris (L5, S1)

33
Q

Which two gluteal muscles are the exceptions to the “L5, S1” pattern. Give the nerve and nerve roots.

A

1) gluteus Maximus (L5, S1, S2) - inferior gluteal n.

2) piriformis (S1, S2) - ventral rami of the nerve roots

34
Q

Which muscles receive blood from the superior gluteal a.?

A

1) gluteus Maximus
2) gluteus medius
3) gluteus minimus
4) tensor fascia Lata
5) piriformis

35
Q

Which muscles receive blood from both the superior gluteal a. and the ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex a.?

A

1) gluteus medius
2) gluteus minimus
3) tensor fascia Lata

36
Q

Which muscles receive blood from the inferior gluteal a.?

A

1) gluteus Maximus
2) piriformis
3) superior Gemellus

37
Q

True or False: Medial femoral circumflex a. supplies both the piriformis and superior Gemellus mm.

A

False: although both muscles receive blood from the inferior gluteal a., the piriformis m. is supplemented by the superior gluteal a., while the superior Gemellus m. is supplemented by the medial femoral circumflex a.

38
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the medial femoral circumflex a.? (Be specific)

A

1) superior Gemellus m.
2) extrapelvic part of the obturator internus m.
3) inferior Gemellus m.
4) quadratus Femoris m.

39
Q

Although many muscles are supplied by the medial femoral circumflex a., this is the only gluteal muscle that receives blood from it and this specific artery.

Name the muscle and the artery.

A

Quadratus Femoris m. and the 1st Perforating a.

40
Q

The internal iliac a. branches into these aa., name them from proximal to distal.

A

1) superior gluteal a.
2) inferior gluteal a.
3) internal pudendal a.

41
Q

The internal pudendal a. passes through the gluteal region between which two ligaments?

A

1) sacrotuberous l.

2) sacrospinous l.

42
Q

The deep artery of the thigh is know as ________.

A

The Profunda Femoris a.

43
Q

The profunda Femoris a. branches into which three aa.?

A

1) medial femoral circumflex a.
2) lateral femoral circumflex a.
3) perforating aa.

44
Q

True or False: the lateral femoral circumflex a. branches into the ascending, lateral, and descending branches.

A

False: the branches are the ascending, transverse, and descending branches of the lateral femoral circumflex a.

45
Q

Which is greater?

  1. the number of muscles supplied by the ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex a.
  2. the number of muscles supplied by both the superior gluteal and inferior aa.
A

The answer is 1.
There are 3 mm. supplied by the ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex a.; gluteus medius m., gluteus minimus m., tensor fascia Lata m.
There are 2 mm. supplied by BOTH the superior and inferior gluteal aa.; gluteus Maximus m., piriformis m.

46
Q

Which is greater?

  1. The number of gluteal muscles supplied by the superior gluteal a. minus the number of gluteal muscles supplied by the inferior gluteal a.
  2. The number of gluteal muscles supplied by both the transverse and descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex a.
A

1 is greater. There are 5 mm. supplied by the superior gluteal a., and 4 mm. supplied by the inferior gluteal a.
There are no GLUTEAL muscles supplied by the transverse or descending branches of the lateral femoral circumflex a.

47
Q

Megan got tired of Jud’s refusal to touch the Meredith in lab, and was jealous of his dry gloves. When Jud was on his way back from getting more paper towels, she pointed her right foot laterally and stuck her leg out to trip him. If Megan were standing, which muscles were used to accomplish this?

A

1) Megan’s leg was abducted by:
- R gluteus medius, R gluteus minimus, R tensor fascia Lata
2) Her foot was pointed laterally by:
- R piriformis, R superior Gemellus, R obturator internus, R inferior Gemellus, R obturator externus, R quadratus femoris, assisted by gluteus Maximus
3) Her knee was kept extended by the R tensor fascia Lata
4) While balancing on her left leg to hold her right leg abducted, she used:
- L gluteus medius, L gluteus minimus
- L piriformis, L superior Gemellus, L obturator internus, L inferior Gemellus, L obturator externus, L quadratus Femoris.

A total of 18 mm. were used to trip Jud.

48
Q

The ventral primary nerves of the gluteal region.

A

1) superior gluteal n. VPR L4-S1
2) inferior gluteal n. VPR L5-S2
3) sciatic n. VPR L4-S3
4) n. to quadratus Femoris VPR L4-S1
5) n. to obturator internus VPR L5-S2
6) pudendal n. VPR S2-S4

49
Q

The dorsal primary nerves of the gluteal region.

A

1) superior Clunial n. DPR L1-3
2) middle Clunial n. DPR S1-3
3) inferior Clunial n. from the posterior cutaneous n. of thigh

50
Q

Where do the Clunial nerves receive sensation from?

A

The skin of the superior buttock, inferior buttock, sacrum, and adjacent buttock.

51
Q

What is gluteal gait?

A

The listing of a body to the weakened gluteal side to place the center of gravity over the supporting lower limb.

52
Q

When standing on one leg, the hip on the unsupported side descends. What is happening and what is it clinically called?

A

The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus mm. are weakened or non-functional. This is known as “positive trendelenburg test (sign)”

53
Q

An injury to the superior gluteal n. can come from:

A

1) pelvic fracture
2) wound to the gluteal region
3) compression by fetal head.

54
Q

A patient was stabbed in the butt. If his superior gluteal n. was injured, what may he experience?

A

1) impairment of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus mm.
2) weakened ABD and MR
3) gluteal gait
4) positive trendelenburg test (sign)

55
Q

A bodybuilder’s gluteal muscles has hypertrophied to the point where the piriformis m. is compressing the sciatic n. What is he experiencing?

A

1) pain in the buttock, radiating down the leg

56
Q

What would happen if the sciatic n. is completely severed?

A

1) leg is useless
2) impaired hip extension
3) impaired leg flexion
4) lost movement to ankle and foot

Human Anatomy (5 decks)

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