Gluteal Region

Question 1

Name muscles of gluteal region?

Answer 1

superficial

1.Gluteus maximus
2.Gluteus medius
3.Gluteus minimus
4.Tensor fascia latae

Deep
6. Piriformis
7. Obturator internus
8. Gamellus superior
9. Gamellus inferior
10. Quadratus femoris

Question 2

Which is the largest muscle in human body?

Answer 2

Gluteus maximus

Question 3

Origin and insertion of tensor fascia latae?

Answer 3

origin
Ileac crest

Insertion
Iliotibial tract

Question 4

Innervation of tensor fascia latae?

Answer 4

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 5

Superior gluteal nerve innervates?

Answer 5

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

Question 6

Which nerve innervates gluteus maximus?

Answer 6

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 7

Origin and insertion of gluteal maximus?

Answer 7

origin
Ileum (outer surface)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion
2 points of insertions:
1. Iliotibial tract
2. Gluteal tuberosity of femur

Question 8

Which muscle lies between gluteus maximus and minimus?

Answer 8

Gluteus medius

Question 9

Origin and insertion of gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 9

They have common origin and insertion;

Origin
Outer surface of ileum

Insertion
Greater trochanter of femur

Question 10

Action of gluteus maximus, medius and minimus?

Answer 10

Maximus - extend and laterally rotate the knee joint and thigh at hip joint

Medius and minimus - abducts the thigh at hip joint

Question 11

Origin and insertion of piriformis?

Answer 11

origin
Anterior surface of sacrum

Insertion
Greater trochanter of femur

Question 12

Which muscle lies between gamellus superior and inferior?

Answer 12

Obturator internus

Question 13

What is the difference in origin of gamellus superior and inferior?

Answer 13

Gamellus superior
From spine of ischeum

Gamellus inferior
From ischial tuberosity

Both insert on greater trochanter of femur

Question 14

Origin of obturator internus?

Answer 14

Inner surface of obturator membrane

Question 15

What is the common function of deep muscles of gluteal region

Answer 15

Laterally rotate the thight at hip joint

(Piriformis
Obturator internus
Gamellus inferior
Gamellus superior
Quadratus femoris)

Question 16

Origin and insertion of quadratus femoris?

Answer 16

origin
Ischial tuberosity

Insertion
Quadrate tubercle on the upper end of femur (on intertrochanteric crest)

Question 17

The only deep muscle of gluteal region that doesnot inserts on greater trochanter of femur?

Answer 17

Quadratus femoris - inserts on quadrate tubercle on upper end of femur

Question 18

Which 2 muscles of gluteal region originate from ischeal tuberosity?

Answer 18

1.Gamellus inferior
2. Quadratus femoris

Question 19

The sciatic nerve passes _____ to piriformis muscle?

Answer 19

Below

Question 20

The notch from which piriformis muscle passes?

Answer 20

Greater sciatic notch

Question 21

Obturator foramen is covered by which membrane? And ehat muscle originates from it?

Answer 21

Obturator membrane
Obturator internus originates from it

Question 22

Innervation of piriformis muscle?

Answer 22

1st and 2nd sacral nerves

Question 23

Sacral plexus innervates which muscles of gluteal region?

Answer 23

Obturator internus
Gamellus superior
Gamellus inferior
Quadratus femoris

(So all deep muscles of gluteal region except piriformis - 1st and 2nd sacral nerve)

Question 24

Quadrate tubercle is present on which part of femur? And which muscle attaches to it?

Answer 24

On the intertrochanteric crest
And quadratus femoris attaches to it

Question 25

The gluteal region muscles that insert on greater trochanter of femur?

Answer 25

Gluteal medius Gluteal minimus Piriformis Obturator internus Gamellus superior Gamellus inferior

Question 26

Function of superficial and deep muscles of gluteal region?

Answer 26

**Superficial** - extend and abduct **Deep** - laterally rotate

Question 27

The arterial supply to gluteal region is via??

Answer 27

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries - branches of **internal iliac artery**

Question 28

What happens when superior gluteal nerve is damaged?

Answer 28

Paralysis if gluteus medius and gluteus minimus (which stabilize the pelvis) - so pelvis becomes unsteady when leg is raised. Characteristic finding of gluteal muscle weakness is **trendelenburg sign** If +ve ------- **pelvic drop** occurs (by observing level of *ileac crests* on both sides) E.g if left gluteal muscle -- weak And patient stands on left leg-- Right side of pelvis will drop

Question 29

The most superior muscle of the deep muscles of gluteal region is?

Answer 29

Piriformis

Question 30

The fibres of piriformis travel through?

Answer 30

Greater sciatic foramen

Question 31

What is triceps coxae?

Answer 31

If obturator internus and gamelli muscles are considered as one

Question 32

Obturator internus travels through which foramen?

Answer 32

Lesser sciatic foramen

Question 33

The most inferior of the deep muscles of gluteal region is?

Answer 33

Quadratus femoris

Question 34

The superior/inferior gluteal nerve is named so because it emerges superiorly/inferiorly to?

Answer 34

Piriformis

Question 35

Sciatic nerve enters the gluteal region directly _____ to piriformis?

Answer 35

Inferior

Question 36

The nerve to obturator internus innervates?

Answer 36

Superior gamellus Obturator internus

Question 37

Which muscle of gluteal region is suitable for intermuscular injection and why? And where should the injection be given?

Answer 37

**Gluteus maximus** - great thickness. **Upper outer quadrant** of the buttock - to avoid injury to underlying *sciatic nerve*

Question 38

How poliomyelitis affects gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 38

It affects lower lumbar and sacral segments of spinal cord So paralysis of these muscle affect the ability of patient to **tilt the pelvis** when walking

Question 39

Intramuscular injection to buttock is given to which quadrant?

Answer 39

Upper outer