Gluteal muscles Flashcards
What are the Muscles of the Gluteal Region?
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
- Tensor fascia latae
- Piriformis
- Obturator internus
- Superior and inferior gemelli
- Quadratus femoris
What do the Muscles of the Gluteal Region generally do?
Abductors and rotators of thigh
What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Gluteus maximus?
- Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line
- Dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx
- Sacrotuberous ligament
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Gluteus maximus?
- Most fibers end in the iliotibial tract, which inserts into the lateral condyle of tibia
- Some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity
What is the innervation of the Gluteus maximus?
Inferior Gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
What is the main action of the Gluteus maximus?
Extends thigh (especially from flexed position) and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assits in rising from a sitting position
What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Gluteus medius?
External surface of ilium between anterior and POSTERIOR gluteal lines
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Gluteus medius?
lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Gluteus minimus?
External surface of ilium between anterior and INFERIOR gluteal lines
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Gluteus minimus?
Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Tensor fascia latae?
Anterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crest
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Tensor fascia latae?
Iliotibial tract which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia
What is the innervation of the Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, and Tensor fascia latae?
Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
What is the main action of the Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, and Tensor fascia latae?
- Abduct and medially rotate thigh
- keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weigh-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phase
What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Piriformis?
Anterior surface of sacrum; sacrotuberous ligament
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Piriformis?
Superior border of greater trochanter of femur
What is the innervation of the Piriformis?
Branches of anterior rami of S1, S2
What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Obturator internus?
Pelvis surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Obturator internus?
Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
What is the innervation of the Obturator internus?
Nerves to Obturator internus (L5, S1)
What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Superior and inferior gemelli?
- Superior: Ischial spine
- Inferior: Ischial tuberosity
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Superior and inferior gemelli?
Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
What is the innervation of the Superior and inferior gemelli?
- Superior: same nerve supply as Obturator internus
- Inferior: same nerve supply as quadriceps femoris
What is the main action of the Piriformis, Obturator internus, and the Superior and inferior gemelli?
- Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh
- Steady femoral head in acetabulum
