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Anatomy Exam 3 > FOOT > Flashcards

FOOT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 1st layer muscles?

A
  • Abductor Hallucis
  • Flexor Digitorum brevis
  • Abductor Digiti minimi
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2
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Abductor Hallucis?

A
  • Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
  • flexor retinaculum
  • plantar aponeurosis
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3
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Abductor Hallucis?

A
  • Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
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4
Q

What is the innervation of the Abductor Hallucis?

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

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5
Q

What is the main action of the Abductor Hallucis?

A

Abducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe, hallux)

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6
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Flexor Digitorum brevis?

A
  • Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
  • plantar aponeurosis
  • Intermuscular septa
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7
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Flexor Digitorum brevis?

A

Both sides of middle phalangees and lateral 4 digits

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8
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Digitorum brevis?

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

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9
Q

What is the main action of the Flexor Digitorum brevis?

A

Flexes lateral 4 digits

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10
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Abductor Digiti minimi?

A
  • medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
  • plantar aponeurosis
  • Intermuscular septa
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11
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Abductor Digiti minimi?

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the Abductor Digiti minimi?

A

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

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13
Q

What is the main action of the Abductor Digiti minimi?

A

Abducts and flexes little toe (5th digit)

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14
Q

What are the 2nd layer muscles?

A
  • Quadrate Plantae

- Lumbricals

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15
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Quadrate Plantae?

A

Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcalneus

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16
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Quadrate Plantae?

A

Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the Quadrate Plantae?

A

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

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18
Q

What is the main action of the Quadrate Plantae?

A

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits

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19
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Lumbricals?

A

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

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20
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Lumbricals?

A

Medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the Lumbricals?

A
  • Medial one: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

- Lateral 3: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

22
Q

What is the main action of the Lumbricals?

A

Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

23
Q

What are the 3rd layer muscles?

A
  • Flexor Hallucis brevis
  • Adductor Hallucis
  • Flexor digit minimi brevis
24
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Flexor Hallucis brevis?

A

Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms

25
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Flexor Hallucis brevis?
Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
26
What is the innervation of the Flexor Hallucis brevis?
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
27
What is the main action of the Flexor Hallucis brevis?
Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit
28
What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Adductor Hallucis?
- Oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4 | - Transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints
29
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Adductor Hallucis?
Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanxe of 1st digit
30
What is the innervation of the Adductor Hallucis?
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
31
What is the main action of the Adductor Hallucis?
- Traditionally said to adduct 1st digit | - Assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals medially
32
What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Flexor digit minimi brevis?
Base of 5th metatarsal
33
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Flexor digit minimi brevis?
Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
34
What is the innervation of the Flexor digit minimi brevis?
Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
35
What is the main action of the Flexor digit minimi brevis?
flexes proximal phalanx of 5ht digit, thereby assisting with its flexion
36
What are the 4th layer muscles?
- Plantar interossei (3 muscles) | - Dorsal interossei (4 muscles)
37
What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Plantar interossei?
Plantar aspect of medial sides of shafts of metatarsals 3-5
38
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Plantar interossei?
Medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digits
39
What is the main action of the Plantar interossei ?
Adduct digits 3-5 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
40
What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Dorsal interossei?
Adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals of 1-5
41
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Dorsal interossei?
- 1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit | - 2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits
42
What is the main action of the Dorsal interossei ?
Abduct digits 2-4 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
43
What is the innervation of the Plantar interossei and the Dorsal interossei?
lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
44
What are the muscles of the Dorsum of the foot?
- Extensor digitorum brevis | - extensor hallucis brevis
45
What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Extensor digitorum brevis and the Extensor hallucis brevis?
CALCANEUS (floor of tarsal sinus); interosseous talcalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculum
46
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Extensor digitorum brevis?
Long extensor tendons of 4 medial digits (toes 2-4)
47
What is the main action of the Extensor digitorum brevis ?
Aids in the extensor digitorum longus in extending the 4 medial toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
48
What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Extensor hallucis brevis?
Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe (digit 1)
49
What is the main action of the Extensor hallucis brevis?
Aids the extensor hallucis longus in extending the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joints
50
What is the innervation of the Extensor digitorum brevis and the Extensor hallucis brevis?
Deep Fibular nerve (L5 or S1 or both)

Anatomy Exam 3 (5 decks)

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