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Anatomy Exam 3 > FOOT > Flashcards

FOOT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 1st layer muscles?

A
  • Abductor Hallucis
  • Flexor Digitorum brevis
  • Abductor Digiti minimi
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2
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Abductor Hallucis?

A
  • Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
  • flexor retinaculum
  • plantar aponeurosis
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3
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Abductor Hallucis?

A
  • Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
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4
Q

What is the innervation of the Abductor Hallucis?

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

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5
Q

What is the main action of the Abductor Hallucis?

A

Abducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe, hallux)

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6
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Flexor Digitorum brevis?

A
  • Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
  • plantar aponeurosis
  • Intermuscular septa
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7
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Flexor Digitorum brevis?

A

Both sides of middle phalangees and lateral 4 digits

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8
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Digitorum brevis?

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

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9
Q

What is the main action of the Flexor Digitorum brevis?

A

Flexes lateral 4 digits

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10
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Abductor Digiti minimi?

A
  • medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
  • plantar aponeurosis
  • Intermuscular septa
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11
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Abductor Digiti minimi?

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the Abductor Digiti minimi?

A

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

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13
Q

What is the main action of the Abductor Digiti minimi?

A

Abducts and flexes little toe (5th digit)

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14
Q

What are the 2nd layer muscles?

A
  • Quadrate Plantae

- Lumbricals

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15
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Quadrate Plantae?

A

Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcalneus

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16
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Quadrate Plantae?

A

Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the Quadrate Plantae?

A

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

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18
Q

What is the main action of the Quadrate Plantae?

A

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits

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19
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Lumbricals?

A

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

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20
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Lumbricals?

A

Medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the Lumbricals?

A
  • Medial one: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

- Lateral 3: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

22
Q

What is the main action of the Lumbricals?

A

Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

23
Q

What are the 3rd layer muscles?

A
  • Flexor Hallucis brevis
  • Adductor Hallucis
  • Flexor digit minimi brevis
24
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Flexor Hallucis brevis?

A

Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms

25
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Flexor Hallucis brevis?

A

Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

26
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor Hallucis brevis?

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

27
Q

What is the main action of the Flexor Hallucis brevis?

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

28
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Adductor Hallucis?

A
  • Oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4

- Transverse head: plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints

29
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Adductor Hallucis?

A

Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanxe of 1st digit

30
Q

What is the innervation of the Adductor Hallucis?

A

Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

31
Q

What is the main action of the Adductor Hallucis?

A
  • Traditionally said to adduct 1st digit

- Assists in transverse arch of foot by metatarsals medially

32
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Flexor digit minimi brevis?

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

33
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Flexor digit minimi brevis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

34
Q

What is the innervation of the Flexor digit minimi brevis?

A

Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

35
Q

What is the main action of the Flexor digit minimi brevis?

A

flexes proximal phalanx of 5ht digit, thereby assisting with its flexion

36
Q

What are the 4th layer muscles?

A
  • Plantar interossei (3 muscles)

- Dorsal interossei (4 muscles)

37
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Plantar interossei?

A

Plantar aspect of medial sides of shafts of metatarsals 3-5

38
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Plantar interossei?

A

Medial sides of bases of phalanges of 3rd-5th digits

39
Q

What is the main action of the Plantar interossei ?

A

Adduct digits 3-5 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

40
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Dorsal interossei?

A

Adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals of 1-5

41
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Dorsal interossei?

A
  • 1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit

- 2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits

42
Q

What is the main action of the Dorsal interossei ?

A

Abduct digits 2-4 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

43
Q

What is the innervation of the Plantar interossei and the Dorsal interossei?

A

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

44
Q

What are the muscles of the Dorsum of the foot?

A
  • Extensor digitorum brevis

- extensor hallucis brevis

45
Q

What is the origin (proximal attachment) of the Extensor digitorum brevis and the Extensor hallucis brevis?

A

CALCANEUS (floor of tarsal sinus); interosseous talcalcaneal ligament; stem of inferior extensor retinaculum

46
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Extensor digitorum brevis?

A

Long extensor tendons of 4 medial digits (toes 2-4)

47
Q

What is the main action of the Extensor digitorum brevis ?

A

Aids in the extensor digitorum longus in extending the 4 medial toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

48
Q

What is the insertion (distal attachment) of the Extensor hallucis brevis?

A

Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe (digit 1)

49
Q

What is the main action of the Extensor hallucis brevis?

A

Aids the extensor hallucis longus in extending the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joints

50
Q

What is the innervation of the Extensor digitorum brevis and the Extensor hallucis brevis?

A

Deep Fibular nerve (L5 or S1 or both)

Anatomy Exam 3 (5 decks)

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