Gluteal And Thigh Muscles Flashcards
Gluteus medius Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
Inner: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when opposite leg is raised
Gluteus maximus Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; and sacrotuberous ligament
I: Most fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity of femur
Inner: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Action: Extends thigh and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from siting position
Gluteus minimus Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
Inner: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Action: Abduct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when opposite leg is raised
Tensor fasciae latae Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Anterior superior iliac spine; anterior part of iliac crest
I: Iliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia (Gerdy tubercle)
Inner: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Action: Flexes thigh
Piriformis Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Anterior surface of 2-4th sacral segments; superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament
I: Superior border of greater trochanter of femur
Inner: Branches of anterior rami of S1 and S2
Action: Laterally rotate extended thigh; abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum
Obturator internus Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Pelvic surface of ilium and ischium; obturator membrane
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Inner: Nerve to obturator internus (L5 and S1)
Action: Laterally rotate extended thigh; abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum
Superior gemellus Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Ischial spine
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Inner: Nerve to obturator internus (L5 and S1)
Action: Laterally rotate extended thigh; abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum
Inferior gemellus Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur
Inner: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5 and S1)
Action: Laterally rotate extended thigh; abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum
Quadratus femoris Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
Inner: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5 and S1)
Action: Laterally rotates thigh; steadies femoral head in acetabulum
Semitendinosus Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial surface of superior part of tibia
Inner: Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Action: Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are fixed; can extend trunk
Semimembranosus Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)
Inner: Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Action: Extend thigh; flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed; when thigh and leg are flexed, can extend trunk
Biceps femoris Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Long head-> ischial tuberosity Short head-> linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
I: Lateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of knee
Inner: Long head-> Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Short head-> Common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Action: Flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee if flexed; extends thigh (e.g., when starting to walk)
Pectineus Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Superior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter
Inner: Femoral nerve (L2-L3); may receive branch from obturator nerve
Action: Adducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thigh
Sartorius Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to it
I: Superior part of medial surface of tibia
Inner: Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
Action: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint
Psoas major Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae
I: Lesser trochanter of femur
Inner: Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L3)
Action: Acting conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and stabilizing this joint; psoas major is also a postural muscle that helps control deviation of the trunk and is active during standing
Iliacus Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligaments
I: Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter and femur distal to it
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
Action: Acting conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and stabilizing this joint; psoas major is also a postural muscle that helps control deviation of the trunk and is active during standing
Rectus femoris Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum
I: Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeurosis (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)
Inner: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Action: Extends leg and knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh
Vastus lateralis Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
I: Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeurosis (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)
Inner: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Action: Extends leg and knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh
Vastus medialis Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur
I: Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeurosis (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)
Inner: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Action: Extends leg and knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh
Vastus intermedius Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
I: Via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity; medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeurosis (medial and lateral patellar retinacula)
Inner: Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Action: Extends leg and knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh
Adductor longus Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
I: Middle third of linea aspera of femur
Inner: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Action: Adducts thigh
Adductor brevis Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
Inner: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Action: Adducts thigh and to some extent flexes it
Adductor magnus Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Adductor part-> Inferior ramus of pubis; ramus of ischium
Hamstring part-> Ischial tuberosity
I: Adductor part-> Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Hamstring part-> Adductor tubercle of femur
Inner: Adductor part-> Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Hamstring part-> Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)
Action: Adducts thigh; its adductor part also flexes thigh, and its hamstring part extends it
Gracilis Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: Superior part of medial surface of tibia
Inner: Obturator nerve (L2-L3)
Action: Adducts thigh; flexes leg, and helps rotate it medially
Obturator externus Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
O: Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
I: Trochanteric fossa of femur
Inner: Obturator nerve (L3-L4)
Action: Laterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum
