Adominal Viscera Flashcards
Intraperitoneal vs extra, retro and subperitoneal?
Intra- organs almost completely covered in peritoneum, covered by a peritoneal sac. Not within peritoneal cavity.
Extra/retro/sub- organs are external to peritoneum. Usually only one surface comes into contact with parietal peritoneum.
Difference in how we perceive pain between visceral and parietal peritoneum?
Parietal peritoneum is sensitive to pressure, pain and temperature and shares neurovascular supply with region of muscle and skin superficial to it.
Visceral peritoneum the pain is poorly localized and is referred to the dermatomes of the spinal ganglia providing the sensory fibers.
Greater vs lesser omentum
Greater- from great curvature of stomach descends to inferior border of abdomen then arches back to attach to transverse colon
Lesser- connects lesser curvature of stomach to liver, laterally conducts the portal triad
Esophagus vascular supply? Innervation?
Supplies by gastric artery off celiac trunk and inferior phrenic artery.
Innervated by vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk via splanchnics
Stomach blood supply? Innervation? Function?
Stomach acts as a food blender and reservoir. Chief function is enzymatic digestion, producing chyme.
Parts of stomach… cardia, fundus, body, pyloris, empties into duodenum.
Blood supply of stomach… Left and right gastric arteries, splenic, and gastroduodenal.
Innervation… Vagus nerve for parasympathetic, thoracic splanchnics for sympathetic
Duodenum functions? Blood supply? Innervation?
Shortest part of small intestine. Wide and fixed. Functions to breakdown chyme received from the stomach.
Blood supply… Proximal portion from gastroduodenal… Distal portion from intestinal branches of superior mesenteric
Jejunum and ileum function? Blood supply? Innervation?
Covered in mesentery… Absorbs nutrients into blood stream… Contain specialized lymphatics for absorbing fat
Blood supply… Superior mesenteric artery
Innervation… Thoracic splanchnic for sympathetic and vagus for parasympathetic
Large intestine functions? Blood supply? Innervation?
Contain tenia coli which are thickened longitudinal bands that function in shortening the intestines, absent on rectum.
Ascending… from iliac fossa to R lobe of liver (primary area for reabsorbing water)
Descending/sigmoid… Formation of feces
Cecum/ascending/transverse… Superior mesenteric artery and thoracic splanchnic/vagus (sym/parasym)
Descending/sigmoid/rectum… Inferior mesenteric artery and lumbar splanchnic/pelvic splanchnic (sym/parasym)
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Pancreas function? Bloody supply? Innervation?
Exocrine- pancreatic juices aide in breakdown of food
Endocrine- produces glucagon & insulin from islets of langerhans
Main pancreatic duct merges with common bile duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla that empties into duodenum.
Thoracic splanchnics and vagus nerve
Spleen function? Blood supply? Innervation?
Lymphatic organ… Destroys blood cells and helps with fluid balance.
Splenic artery and vein.. Drained into hepatic portal vein
Thoracic splanchnics and vagus nerve
Liver functions? Bloody supply? Innervation?
Largest gland and internal organ. All nutrients absorbed from digestive tract are taken to liver via portal system (except fat). Produces bile constantly. Stores glycogen. Filters blood toxins.
Each lobe receives own branch from hepatic artery, portal vein and hepatic duct.
Blood from gut flows to liver via portal vein (also gets oxygenated blood from hepatic arteries). After processed, blood gets taken to IVC by hepatic veins.
Thoracic splanchnics and vagus
Gall bladder functions? Blood supply? Innervation?
Stores bile that is produced by liver, concentrates bile.
Sends bile through cystic and bile ducts to duodenum to emulsify fat.
Cystic (gall bladder) -> Common hepatic (from liver R and L hepatic ducts) —> common bile duct —> pancreatic duct—> hepatopancreatic ampulla that empties into duodenum
Kidneys function? Bloody supply? Innervation?
Filters the blood and returns nutrients, chemicals and hormones to body. Creates fluid balance. Removes excess salts and wastes of protein metabolism. Kidney wastes move to ureter/bladder.
Renal artery and vein (direct branch from abdominal aorta and IVC)
Adrenal glands not related to kidneys in function only in location.
Endocrine- secretes corticosteroids, androgens, epinephrine and norepinephrine
