Glutamate and its Receptors Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

List the four criteria for NT status.

A

Must be made by neurons.
Must be released by presynaptic neurons.
Must activate postsynaptic receptors.
Must be inactivated by enzymes or reuptake.

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3
Q

How does glutamate meet the NT criteria?

A

Concentrated in synaptic vesicles.
Released by exocytosis.
Binds to a large family of glutamate receptors.
Reuptake across membrane by EAA1-4 family of transporters.
Has functional effects.

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4
Q

How does glutamate bind to many different receptors?

A

It is a flexible molecule because different components can rotate along two different axes: alpha-beta bonds and beta-gamma bonds.

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5
Q

How many different conformations/rotamers can glutamate adopt?

A

9

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6
Q

How is glutamate selective between receptors?

A

Glutamate released is localised to the PSD. Receptors are anchored opposite the release sites, and have different affinities for glutamate.

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7
Q

What does NMDAR require to open?

A

Glutamate binding.
Depolarisation (to relieve Mg2+ block).
Glycine as a co-agonist.

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8
Q

What are the two roles of postsynaptic mGluRs?

A

Produce slow depolarisation.
Release calcium from intracellular stores.

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9
Q

What are the two roles of presynaptic mGluRs?

A

Inhibit AP-evoked glutamate release.
Increase background glutamate release.

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10
Q

What is the role of neuroligin?

A

Links pre- and postsynaptic cells.

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11
Q

What is the PDZ?

A

Where additional AMPARs are inserted during LTP.

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