glucose quiz Flashcards
what 3 hormones are produced by the islets of Langerhans? name the cell type each hormone comes from
insulin = beta cells
glycogen = alpha cells
somatostatin = D cells
what is the name of the process of glucose breakdown to pyruvate and ATP?
glycolysis
what is the name of the process of glycogen breakdown
glycogenolysis
how are ketones formed?
lipolysis
what is the role of ketones in normal metabolism
- fuel for liver and muscle
- fuel for brain in starvation
approximately what % of total body stored energy is stored as:
- fat
- protein
- carbohydrate
fat = 70-80%
protein = 20-30%
carbohydrate = 1-2%
what are the key step in insulin being released from the beta cells
- glucose enters beta cells via GLUT2
- glucose converted to ATP via glycolysis
- increased ATP inhibits K+ channel
- opens Ca2+ channels
- Ca2+ influx
- insulin released
how does insulin signalling result in glucose uptake by muscle cells
insulin
insulin receptor
post receptor
GLUT4 moves to cell surface
what are the 3 main regulatory hormones protecting us from hypoglycaemia
cortisol
growth hormone
glucagon
what are the 3 main regulatory hormones protecting us from hypoglycaemia
cortisol
growth hormone
adrenaline
what are the key components of metabolic syndrome
central obesity
plus 2 of:
- low HDL
- high TG
- hypertension
- abnormal glucose
what are the macro and micro vascular complications of diabetes
micro
- peripheral neuropathy
- retinopathy
- nephropathy
macro
- IHD
- PVD
- CVA or stroke
