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Biochemistry > Glucose metabolism - Lab > Flashcards

Glucose metabolism - Lab Flashcards

1
Q

is a primary source of energy for humans

A

Glucose

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2
Q

cannot concentrate or store carbohydrates

A

Nervous tissue

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3
Q

A group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects insulin secretion, insulin receptors or both

A

Diabetes mellitus

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4
Q

Fasting plasma glucose concentrations

A

more than or equal to 126mg/dL

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5
Q

occurs when the plasma glucose level exceeds
180 mg/dL (9.99 mmol/L) with normal renal function

A

Glucosuria

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6
Q

develops in DM from excessive synthesis of acetyl-CoA

A

Ketosis

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7
Q

3 signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus

A

Polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria

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8
Q

Medical term for excessive thirst

A

Polydipsia

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9
Q

a feeling of extreme hunger

A

Polyphagia

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10
Q

Medical term for excessive urination

A

Polyuria

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11
Q

results from β-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency

A

Type 1 Diabetes

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12
Q

results from a progressive insulin secretory defect on the background of insulin resistance

A

Type 2 Diabetes

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13
Q

diagnosed during pregnancy

A

GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM)

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14
Q

e.g., genetic defects in β-cell function,genetic defects in insulin action, diseases of the exocrine pancreas [e.g., cystic fibrosis], and drug or chemically induced

A

OTHER SPECIFIC TYPES OF DIABETES DUE TO OTHER CAUSES

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15
Q

Type 1 DM is formerly known as:

A
  • Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)
  • Juvenile Onset Diabetes Mellitus
  • Brittle Diabetes
  • Ketosis-Prone Diabetes
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16
Q

It is a result of cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of the β-cells of the pancreas

A

Type 1 DM

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17
Q

Type 1 constitutes how many percent of all
cases of diabetes

A

10% - 20%

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18
Q

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus formerly known as:

A
  • Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
  • Adult Type/Maturity Onset Diabetes Mellitus
  • Stable Diabetes
  • Ketosis-Resistant Diabetes
  • Receptor Deficient Diabetes Mellitus
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19
Q

It is characterized by hyperglycemia due to an
individual’s resistance to insulin; there is relative
insulin deficiency

A

Type 2 DM

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20
Q

Frequency of type 1 DM

A

5-10%

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21
Q

Frequency of type 2 DM

A

90-95%

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22
Q

Age of onset of type 1 DM

A

Any but most common in children and young adults

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23
Q

Age of onset of type 2 DM

A

More common with advancing age, but can occur in children and adolescents

24
Q

C-peptide levels of Type 1 DM

A

Very low / undetectable

25
Q

C-peptide levels of Type 2 DM

A

Detectable

26
Q

It is a disorder characterized by impaired ability to metabolize carbohydrate usually caused by deficiency of insulin, metabolic or hormonal changes.

A

Gestational DM

27
Q

Large % of patients develop DM within how many years

A

5-10 years

28
Q

In GDM, Screening should be performed between __________ of gestation

A

24-28 weeks

29
Q

It is requested during insulin shock, hyperglycemic ketonic coma

A

RBS - random blood sugar

30
Q

NPO (Non-Per Orem) at least 8 hours before the test

A

FBS - Fasting Blood sugar

31
Q
  • multiple blood sugar test
  • to determine how well the body metabolizes glucose over give time required
A

GTT - Glucose Tolerance Test

32
Q

Diagnosis of DM
FBS =

A

more than or equal to 126mg/dl

33
Q

Diagnosis of DM
2-hour OGTT =

A

More than or equal to 200mg/dl

34
Q

Diagnosis of DM
HbA1c =

A

More than or equal to 6.5%

35
Q

has recommended that individuals with diabetes monitor their blood glucose levels in an effort to maintain levels as close to normal as possible.

A

ADA

36
Q

For persons with type 1 diabetes, the recommendation self monitoring of blood glucose is

A

3-4 times/day

37
Q

should be replaced by self-monitoring of blood glucose

A

Urine glucose testing

38
Q

Current ADA guidelines recommend that an HbA1c test be performed at least __________ with patients who are meeting treatment goals and who have stable glycemic control

A

2 times a year

39
Q

Glycosylated hemoglobin’s specimen

A

EDTA whole blood sample

40
Q

Before analysis of HbA1c, a _______ must be prepared

A

Hemolysate

41
Q

Standard specimens

A

Fasting venous plasma

42
Q

Whole blood glucose levels are _____% lower compared to plasma levels.

A

10-15%

43
Q

Glucose is metabolized at RT at a rate of

A

7mg/dl per hr

44
Q

At 4c, glucose decreases by approximately

A

2mg/dl per hr

45
Q

Evacuated tube used for glucose

A

Gray top

46
Q

Glucose CSF levels _____ of plasma glucose

A

60-70%

47
Q

As little as 10% contamination with 5% dextrose will elevate glucose n a sample by

A

500 mg/dl or more

48
Q

Keeps the glucose from dropping too low

A

Glucagon

49
Q

Keep blood glucose from rising too high

A

Insulin

50
Q

It prevents the release of pancreatic hormones, including insulin and glucagon

A

Somatostatin

51
Q

Glucose in urine

A

Glucosuria

52
Q

Fasting hours for lipid profile

A

At least 12 hours

53
Q

The breakdown of RBC

A

Hemolysate

54
Q

Uncontrolled DM should be checked every

A

3 months

55
Q

Controlled DM should be checked at least every

A

6 months

Biochemistry (6 decks)

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