Glucose and Cholesterol

Question 1

What is cholesterol?

Answer 1

sterol important for stability of cell membrane and precuser for other steroid compounds

Question 2

Why is LDL bad and HDL good

Answer 2

LDL contributes to deposit of fats in arteries
HDL transports fats to the liver to get catabolized and excreted as bile

Question 3

why is high cholestrol dangerous

Answer 3

increase risk of atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries due to fat deposit ) which could lead to stroke or heart attack

Question 4

4 ways to lower cholesterol ?

Answer 4

1. quit smoking
2. lose weight
3. eat a healthy diet high in fruit and veg
4. increase physical activity or make sure you are active

Question 5

norms ?

Answer 5

<5.2 good
5.2 - 6.18 borderline high
>6.2 high

Question 6

what is glucose ?

Answer 6

a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.

Question 7

norms for fasting glucose ?

Answer 7

<3.9 hypoglycemic
<5.5 good
5.5 - 7 is Impaired glucose tolerance
>7 is diabetes

Question 8

Norms for non fasting

Answer 8

<4.0mmol/L hypoglycaemic
<7.8mmol/L good
7.8-11.1 is Impaired glucose tolerance
>11.1 diabeties

Question 9

how to lower blood sugar

Answer 9

1. regular exercise
2. maintain a good weight
3. decrease or moderate carbs and sugar
4. eat plant rich diet

Question 10

4 symptoms of DM

Answer 10

blurred vision
red swollen gums
fatigue
Tingling hands and feet

Question 11

why does a diabetic person always feel hungry or need to go to the bathroom ?

Answer 11

Hunger: When blood sugar levels are high, the body’s cells may not be able to access glucose effectively for energy(due to decreased insulin ). As a result, the brain sends signals to increase appetite, leading to persistent feelings of hunger.

Frequent urination: High blood sugar levels can cause the kidneys to work harder to filter and eliminate excess glucose from the bloodstream. Glucose in the urine pulls water along with it, resulting in increased urine production. This can lead to frequent urination, known as polyuria.

Question 12

two types of diabetes

Answer 12

inadequate insulin production (Type 1 diabetes) or ineffective use of insulin by the body (Type 2 diabetes).

Question 13

what is insulin

Answer 13

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. Its main function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells, where it can be used as a source of energy.

Question 14

how long is fasting glucose

Answer 14

8-10 hrs

Question 15

pathophysiology of D1

Answer 15

body immune system attacks the islet cells in the pancreas used to make insulin

Question 16

Pathophysiology D2

Answer 16

pancreas makes less insulin then used to, body becomes resistant to insulin