Gluconeogenesis Flashcards
What is gluconeogeneis?
This is the new formation of glucose
Where does gluconeogenesis occur?
In mammals, mainly happens in the liver cytosol. (metabolism)
Also in renal cortex and the cells of the small intestine
What are some simple precursors of glucose in mammals?
Lactate, pyruvate, glycerol
What are other precursors besides glucose precursors in gluconeogenesis?
Glucogenic amino acids :alanine and glutamine
Citric acid cycle intermediates ex: oxaloacetate
What does glucogenic mean?
This means amino acids that can synthesis glucose.
What does gluconeogenesis share with glycolysis?
The 7 reversible steps of glycolysis. (2,4,5,6,7,8,9)
Uses different exergonic regulated enzymes
What are the irreversible steps of glycolysis?
1, 3 and 10
How many enzymes does it take for phosphoenol-pyruvate to change to pyruvate?
2 enzymes (this is gluconeogenesis start) Carboxylase and carboxykinase
How much energy is invested at the start of gluconeogenesis?
2 ATP, 2 GTP per 2 pyruvate
What enzyme removes the phosphoryl group position 1 at step 7?
Fructose 1, 6- bisphosphatase
What enzyme removes the phosphoryl group at position 6 at step 10?
Glucose 6-phosphatase
How much energy does gluconeogenesis ‘cost’ from making 1 glucose from 2 pyruvates?
It uses 4ATP, 2GTP and 2NADH.
