Glossary words Flashcards
Adventitious sounds
Abnormal lung sounds hear with auscultation
Apnea
Absence of respiration for a period of time
Atelectasis
Collapse of alveoli, preventing the normal respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Bradypnea
Abnormally slow rate of breathing
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR
Basic emergency procedures for life support consisting of artificial respirations and manual external cardiac massage
Cheyenne-Stokes respiration
Occurs when there is decreased blood flow or injury to the brainstem
Chest percussion
Striking the chest wall with a cupped hand to promote mobilization and drainage of pulmonary secretions
Chest physiotherapy CPT
Group of therapies used to mobilize pulmonary secretions for expectoration
Cough
Sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs. The person breathes in, the glottis is partially closed, and the accessory muscles of expiration contract to expel the air forcibly
Crackles
Fine bubbling sounds heard on auscultation of the lung, produced by air entering distal airways and alveoli, which contain serous secretions
Cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucus membranes caused by an excess of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the he,of login molecule
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from and area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
Dyspnea
Sensation of shortness of breath
Eupnea
Normal respirations that are quiet, effortless and rhythmical
Fremitus
A palpable vibration on the body.
Hemothorax
Accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity between the parietal and visceral pleurae.
Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract
Hypercapnea
Greater-than-normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood, also called hypercarbia
Hyperventilation aka (hyperpnea)
Respiratory rate in excess of that required to maintain normal carbon dioxide levels in the body tissue
Hypoventilation aka (hypopnea)
Respiratory rate insufficient to prevent carbon dioxide retention
Hypoxemia
Arterial blood oxygen level less than 60 mm Hg; low oxygen level in the blood
Hypoxia
Inadequate cellular oxygenation that may result from a deficiency in the delivery or use of oxygen at the cellular level
Incentive spirometry
Method of encouraging voluntary deep breathing by providing visual feedback to patients of the inspiratory volume they have achieved
Kussmauls respiration
Increase in both rate and depth of respirations
Nebulization
Process of adding moisture to inspired air by the adding water droplets
Orthopnea
Abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breath comfortably
Percussion
Method of physical examination whereby the location size, and density of a body part is determined by the tone obtained from the striking of short, sharp taps of the fingers
Pleural friction rub
Adventitious lung sound caused by inflamed parietal and visceral pleura rubbing together on inspiration
Pneumothorax
Collection of air or gas in the pleural space
Postural drainage
Use of positioning along with percussion and vibration to drain secretions from specific segments of the lungs and bronchi into the trachea
Rhonchi
Abnormal lung sound when auscultated when the patients airways are obstructed with thick secretions
Tachypnea
Abnormally rapid rate of breathing
Ventilation
Respiratory process by which gases are moved into and out of the lungs
Vibration
Fine, shaking pressure applied by hands to the chest wall only during exhalation
Wheeze
Adventitious lung sounds caused by a severely narrowed bronchus
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide is exchanged
Anoxia
Absence of oxygen
Apneustic
Abnormal breathing- deep gasping inspiration with a pause at full inspiration followed by a brief, insufficient release
Bronchodilator
A drug that causes widening of the bronchi (albuterol)
Biot’t respirations
Abnormal pattern of breathing- groups of quick shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea
Bronchoscopy
Test to view the airways and diagnose lung disease
Cardiac arrest
A sudden, sometimes temporary, cessation of function of the heart
Combustion
The process of burning something
Crackles aka (rales)
Abnormal rattling sound heard when examining unhealthy lungs with a stethoscope
Crepitation
Crackling or rattling sound
Erythrocytes
Red blood cell
Expectorant
A medicine that promotes the secretion of sputum by the air passage, used especially to treat coughs
Exploratory reserve volume (ERV)
Lung volumes and lung capacities refer to the volume of air associated with different phases of the respiratory cycle.
Expectorate
Cough or spit out phlegm from the throat or lungs
Flail Chest
Or paradoxical breathing is a life-threatening medical problem that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks under extreme stress and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall.
It occurs when multiple Adjacent ribs are broken in multiple places, separating a segment, so that part of the chest wall, moves independently.
Happens by multiple rib breaks requires 3 or more ribs in 2 or more places
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Is the volume of air present in the lungs, at the end of passive expiration
Thoracentesis
Removal of fluid from the chest by centesis for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
Tidal volume
Is the amount of air exhaled after normal inspiration
Residual volume
The amount of the air left in the aveoli after full expiration
Forced vital capacity
is the maximum amount of air that can be removed from the lungs during forced expiration
Ventilation depends on
adequate blood supply, (blood circulation to tissue)
how many readings for a peak flow meter?
3 readings
how does petroleum jelly react with oxygen
friction between oxygen and petroleum jelly can cause a fire
vital capacity
volume of air exhaled after maximum inhalation
Functional Residual capacity
Volume of air left in lungs after normal exhalation
Total lung capacity
Total volume of air in lungs following a maximum inhalation
Arterial Blood gases (amounts)
pH———–7.35-7.45
PaCO2——35-45mm Hg
PaO2——–80-100
SaO2——–95-100% (oxygen saturation)(measured in the oxygen available in the tissues)
hemoptysis
coughing up blood (in sputum)
Assessment-Respiratory
1)Pulmonary function test
tidal volume
residual volume
functional capacity
vital capacity
total lung capacity
2) Arterial Blood gases
pH———–7.35-7.45
PaCO2——35-45mm Hg
PaO2——–80-100
SaO2——–95-100%
3) Cytologic studies- look at sputum under microscope (cancer, pathogens)
4) Endoscopic studies
Bronchoscopy: Both use local aneth. test
Laryngoscopy: gag reflex look for bleeding
(Hemoptysis)
5) Chest x-ray
6) Lung scan
7) Throracentesis- go into thorax often to remove fluid. (sterile conditions) Preformed in pt’s room.
Informed consent. Check lung sounds and vital before and after. Lie on unaffected side afterwards
Dyspnea management
1) Pharmacological agents- bronchodilators
Albuterol and epinephrine (fast acting)
Trebutaline- oral (1/2 onset) sub Q (6- 15 min)
Corticosteroid- long onset
2) Oxygen therapy
3) physical techniques
4) relaxation techniques
Humidification
add water to gas
nebulization
adds moisture to air breathing, thins secretions
Chest physiotherapy (3)
1) percussion– cupped hand patting
2) vibration– shaking—manually or with vest
3) postural drainage
pursed lips
so aveoli do not collapse
