Glossary Terms 121-149: Called by the Gospel, An Intro to the New Testament Flashcards
Septuagint
the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible done in Egypt c. 200 B.C. supposedly by seventy scholars; it was the Bible of early Gentile Christianity.
Sermon on the Mount
a Matthean collection of the teachings of Jesus.
Shema
“Listen!”; first Hebrew word in Deuteronomy 6:4, “Hear, 0 Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one”; eventually became a title for that foundational statement of the Old Testament faith.
Sign
seven mighty deeds of Jesus in the Fourth Gospel, written that “you might believe.”
Sinless perfectionism
the teaching that believers, by indwelling and power of the Holy Spirit, are able to achieve moral perfection or holiness here this life.
Son of God
the central identification of Jesus in Mark’s Gospel; however, no human character so recognizes Jesus until he has been crucified; other writers also employ this phrase to speak of the divine nature of Jesus.
Son of Man
euphemism for a human being in the Old Testament, especially the book of Ezekiel; in Daniel, one “like a son of man” is a divinely appointed future ruler of Israel; in the Pseudepigrapha, the title is used for one who serves as the agent of God at the time of judgment; Jesus uses the title as a self-designation.
Soteriological
related to salvation; the study or teachings about salvation.
Suffering Servant
“servant” is used as a technical term in parts Isaiah called “the Servant Songs”; at times “Servant” refers to the whole nation of Israel but the Suffering Servant more narrowly describes an individual who suffers to atone for the sins of the nations.
Synagogue
an assembly of at least ten men; dedicated buildings for such assemblies came into prominence after the destruction of the temple.
Synoptic
literally “with one perspective”; used to describe the common story line and oft-times verbal agreement in the first three gospels.
Talmud
a record of rabbinic teaching comprised of the Mishnah and the Gemara.
Ten Commandments
the “Ten Words” given on Mount Sinai in Exodus 20:1-17; Decalogue; various traditions number the ten in different ways.
Textual criticism
the study that deals with discrepancies between copies of New Testament texts.
Theodicy
resolving the problem of evil by showing that God is all-powerful and just, despite evil’s existence.
Theophany
an appearance of God to a person in a form clearly recognized as divine.
Tongues
the Greek term glossa can refer to the body part; but also came to describe languages (glossolalia); normally in another human language, but 1 Corinthians 14 uses the term to describe a spirit or prayer language.
Torah
Hebrew word for the five books of Moses, Genesis through Deuteronomy at the beginning of the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible; from the Hebrew word for “instruction” or “revelation” and often mistranslated as “Law.”
Tradition of the elders
an oral tradition meant to help people apply the teachings of the Torah to their daily lives.
Transfiguration
the story of a temporary change in Jesus’ appearance to convey his heavenly glory, witnessed by Peter, James, and John; Moses and Elijah appear talking with Jesus; a heavenly voice affirmed Jesus as “my Son.”
Transmission
the process by which the texts of the New Testament were copied and handed down from generation to generation.
Two covenant theory
a position that there are two different covenants or paths established by God for access into a relationship with him as his people; asserts that Israel is God’s chosen people by virtue of physical descent from Abraham; Jesus opens up a separate way for Gentiles to be included.
Type
an Old Testament person, office, practice, or event which foreshadows a fulfillment in Jesus; fulfillment is called an Anti-type.
Variant reading
a reading which differs from another copy of the same text.
Verbal inspiration
the actual “words” (verba in Latin) are from the Holy Spirit, not merely the thoughts or ideas.
Via Egnatia
major Roman highway running from the Adriatic to the Bosporus across the Roman provinces of Illyria, Macedonia, and Thrace.
Wisdom
Hebrew term for practical insights into living a godly, day-to-day life; became more of an abstract, philosophical concept about the deeper meaning of life in the Greek world.
Yahweh
the personal name by which the God of the Old Testament identifies himself; explicitly revealed to Moses at the burning bush,
Zealots
political revolutionaries opposed to Hellenization and Roman occupation; led the revolt against Rome.
