Glossary pt. 2

Question 1

Bursa

Answer 1

a small sac filled with fluid and located at friction points, especially joints.

Question 2

Calcaneal

Answer 2

pertaining to the heel of the foot.

Question 3

Calyx

Answer 3

a cuplike extension of the pelvis of the kidney.

Question 4

Canaliculus

Answer 4

extremely small tubular passage or channel.

Question 5

Cancer

Answer 5

a malignant, invasive cellular neoplasm that has the capability of spreading throughout the body or body parts.

Question 6

Carbohydrate

Answer 6

organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, cellulose.

Question 7

Cardiac cycle

Answer 7

sequence of events encompassing one complete contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles of the heart.

Question 8

Cardiac muscle

Answer 8

specialized muscle of the heart with striations and intercalated discs; involuntary muscle.

Question 9

Cardiac output (CO)

Answer 9

the blood volume (in liters) ejected per minute by each ventricle.

Question 10

Cardiac veins

Answer 10

veins that drain the myocardium and empty into the coronary sinus.

Question 11

Cardiovascular system

Answer 11

organ system that distributes blood to all parts of the body.

Question 12

Carpal

Answer 12

(1) one of the eight bones of the wrist; (2) pertaining to the wrist.

Question 13

Cartilage

Answer 13

white, semiopaque connective tissue.

Question 14

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 14

bones united by cartilage; no joint cavity is present.

Question 15

Catabolism

Answer 15

the process in which living cells break down substances into simpler substances; destructive metabolism.

Question 16

Catalyst

Answer 16

substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself becoming chemically changed or part of the product; see enzyme.

Question 17

Cataract

Answer 17

partial or complete loss of transparency of the crystalline lens of the eye.

Question 18

Catecholamines

Answer 18

epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Question 19

Cauda equina

Answer 19

the collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the vertebral canal.

Question 20

Cell

Answer 20

the basic biological unit of living organisms, enclosed by a limiting membrane; cells in more complex organisms contain a nucleus and a variety of organelles.

Question 21

Cell body

Answer 21

the part of a neuron containing the nucleus; the metabolic center of a neuron.

Question 22

Cell division

Answer 22

the phase of a cell’s life cycle when it reproduces itself.

Question 23

Cellular immunity

Answer 23

immunity conferred by lymphocytes called T cells; also called cell-mediated immunity.

Question 24

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 24

the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 25

Centriole

Answer 25

a minute body found near the nucleus of the cell composed of microtubules; active in cell division.

Question 26

Centromere

Answer 26

button-like body holding sister chromatids together; also, the site of attachment to the mitotic spindle.

Question 27

Cephalic

Answer 27

pertaining to the head.

Question 28

Cerebellum

Answer 28

part of the hindbrain; involved in producing smoothly coordinated skeletal muscle activity.

Question 29

Cerebral cortex

Answer 29

outer gray matter of the cerebrum.

Question 30

Cerebral white matter

Answer 30

area of the cerebrum deep to the cerebral cortex containing fiber tracts carrying impulses to, from, or within the cortex.

Question 31

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 31

the fluid produced by choroid plexuses; fills the ventricles and surrounds the central nervous system.

Question 32

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Answer 32

a condition in which brain tissue is deprived of a blood supply, as in blockage of a cerebral blood vessel; also called a stroke.

Question 33

Cerebrum

Answer 33

the largest part of the brain; consists of right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Question 34

Cerumen

Answer 34

earwax.

Question 35

Cervical

Answer 35

term referring to the neck or the necklike portion of an organ or structure.

Question 36

Cervical cancer

Answer 36

uncontrolled cellular growth in the cervix that is almost always associated with one or more strains of human papilloma virus (HPV).

Question 37

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 37

the seven vertebrae of the neck region.

Question 38

Cervix

Answer 38

the inferior necklike portion of the uterus leading to the vagina.

Question 39

Chemical bond

Answer 39

an energy relationship holding atoms together; involves the interaction of electrons.

Question 40

Chemical reaction

Answer 40

process in which molecules are formed, changed, or broken down.

Question 41

Chemoreceptors

Answer 41

receptors sensitive to various chemicals in solution.