Glossary (pgs. 189-190)

Question 1

A laboratory technique that involves the removal of anitbodies by the use of a specific antigen

Answer 1

Absorption

Question 2

The proximity or closeness of a value to the true value

Answer 2

Accuracy

Question 3

Incurred due toe xternal factors and is not inherited

Answer 3

Acquired

Question 4

Normal serum constituents that increase or decrease in the presence of an infection, injury or trauma to tissues; associated with inflammatory reactions

Answer 4

Acute-phase proteins

Question 5

A substance added to vaccines to potentiate or enhance the immune response of the recipient

Answer 5

Adjuvant

Question 6

The key enzyme in the glycolytic cycle of Plasmodium parasite

Answer 6

Aldolase

Question 7

A process of attachment of one substance to the surface of another; attachment of an antibody to a specific antigen receptor on a cell surface

Answer 7

Adsorption

Question 8

Binding strength between an antigenic determinant (epitope) and its complementary site (paratope) in the Fab region of the antibody

Answer 8

Affinity

Question 9

Absence of all immunoglobulins in serum

Answer 9

Agammaglobulinemia

Question 10

Aggregation or clumping of cellular or particulate antigens to their corresponding antibodies

Answer 10

Agglutination

Question 11

An antibody capable of causing agglutination with multivalent surface antigens; usually belongs to IgM class

Answer 11

Agglutinin

Question 12

A particulate or cellular antigen involved in agglutination or aggregation

Answer 12

Agglutinogen

Question 13

An enzyme that liberates inorganic phosphates from phosphate esters; used as an indicator label in immunoassays

Answer 13

Alkaline phosphatase

Question 14

An alternative form of a gene at a particular locus or specific position on a chromosome

Answer 14

Allele

Question 15

An antigen that triggers an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 15

Allergen

Question 16

An adjuvant commonly added to human vaccines

Answer 16

Alum

Question 17

An anti-sheep red blood cell antibody that causes hemolysis of sheep red blood cells in the presence of complement

Answer 17

Amboceptor

Question 18

A rapid rise in the immunoglobulin concentration following subsequent exposure to an antigen; also known as secondary immune response or booster response

Answer 18

Anamnestic response

Question 19

An immunoglobulin (Ig) formed in response to an antigen

Answer 19

Antibody

Question 20

Highest dilution factor of a sample that still results in a visible reaction

Answer 20

Antibody titer

Question 21

Any substance that when introduced into the body, stimulates antibody production

Answer 21

Antigen

Question 22

Union of an antibody with its homologous antigen

Answer 22

Antigen-antibody complex

Question 23

Accessory cells present in tissues that process antigens and display fragments on the cell surface in association with a Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules

Answer 23

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

Question 24

Number of antigenic determinants of an antigen

Answer 24

Antigen valency

Question 25

A specific region of an antigen that is recognized by the B- or T-cell receptor

Answer 25

Antigenic determinant

Question 26

Ability of a substance to react with immune products

Answer 26

Antigenicity

Question 27

An autoimmune antibody directed against a nuclear component; usually seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 27

Antinuclear antibody (ANA)

Question 28

An antibody produced against Streptolysin O, a hemolysin produced by Group A Streptococcus

Answer 28

Antistreptolysin O

Question 29

Suppressor and cytotoxic T-cells capable of recognizing and killing B-cells infected by viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus; also known as reactive lymphocytes

Answer 29

Atypical lymphocytes

Question 30

Former name of Hepatitis B antigen

Answer 30

Australia antigen

Question 31

The condition in which an immune response is initiated by "self" antigens

Answer 31

Autoimmunity

Question 32

The sum of total binding strenth between an antigen and an antibody

Answer 32

Avidity

Question 33

A lymphocyte that originated from the bone marrow; cells of the adaptive immune response that possess surface antibodies that are specific to an epitope

Answer 33

B-cell

Question 34

A protein not normally present in human blood but is present in a wide variety of inflammatory reactions; characterized by their ability to react with the C-polysaccharide component of pneumococci

Answer 34

C-reactive protein

Question 35

A substance composed of fresh beef heart extract combined with lecithin and cholesterol

Answer 35

Cardiolipin

Question 36

Immunity that is dependent on T-cells and phagocytic cells

Answer 36

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 37

The movement of cells such as neutrophils toward a stimulus

Answer 37

Chemotaxis

Question 38

Cell surface markers that are employed for immunophenotyping cells particularly lymphocytes

Answer 38

Cluster of designation

Question 39

Agglutinins that belong to the IgM class and are active at 4℃ but not at 37℃

Answer 39

Cold agglutinins

Question 40

A humoral mechanism of non-specific immune responses of at least 14 components that proceed in a cascading sequence of activation resulting in cell lysis; formerly known as alexin

Answer 40

Complement

Question 41

The process of binding of complement in a reaction with an antigen and antibody

Answer 41

Complement fixation

Question 42

A substance that is similar to the patient sample that is used to monitor the precision of analytical tests

Answer 42

Control

Question 43

A protein molecule secreted by leukocytes that regulate immune response

Answer 43

Cytokine