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Immunology & Serology > Glossary of Terms > Flashcards

Glossary of Terms Flashcards

1
Q

highest dilution factor of a sample that still results a visible reaction (agglutination)

A

Antibody titer

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2
Q

sum total binding strength between an antigen & antibody

A

avidity

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3
Q
  • antibody capable of causing agglutination with multivalent surface antigens
  • belongs to IgM class
A

agglutinin

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4
Q
  • a protein not normally present in human blood but is present in a wide variety of inflammatory reactions
  • characterized by their ability to react with the C-polysaccharide component of pneumococci
A

C-reactive protein

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5
Q
  • “secondary immune response”
  • “booster response”
  • a rapid rise in the immunoglobulin concentration following a subsequent exposure to antigen
A

anamnestic response

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6
Q
  • an antibody produced against streptolysin O
    • streptolysin O: hemolysin prodcued by group A streptococci
A

Antistreptolysin O (ASO)

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7
Q

an adjuvant commonly added to human vaccines

A

alum

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8
Q
  • process of attachment of one substance to the surface of another
  • attachment of an antibody to a specific antigen receptors on a cell surface
A

adsorption

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9
Q

aggregation or clumping of cellular or particulate antigens to its corresponding antisera containing antibodies

A

agglutination

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10
Q

a particulate or cellular antigen involved in agglutination/aggregation

A

agglutinogen

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11
Q
  • “cluster of differentiation”
  • cell surface markers that are employed for immunophenotyping of cells particularly lymphocytes
A

Cluster of designation (CD)

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12
Q
  • agglutinins that belong to the IgM class
  • active at 4º C but not at 37º C
A

Cold agglutinins

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13
Q

ability of a substance to react with immune products

A

antigenicty

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14
Q
  • normal serum constituents that increase or decrease in the presence of infection, injury, or trauma to tissues
  • associated with inflammatory reactions
A

Acute phase proteins

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15
Q

immunity that is dependent on T-cells and phagocytic cells

A

Cell mediated immunity

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16
Q

an antigen that triggers an allergic/hypersensitivity reaction

A

allergen

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17
Q

proximity or closeness of a value to the “true” value

18
Q

an anti-sheep red blood cell antibody that causes hemolysis of sheep red blood cells in the presence of complement

A

amboceptor

19
Q

former name of hepatitis B surface antigen

A

Australia antigen

20
Q

process of binding of complement in a reaction with antigen & antibody

A

Complement fixation

21
Q

incurred due to external factors and is not inherited

22
Q
  • accessory cells present in tissues that process antigen
  • display fragment on the cell surface in association with a Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules
    • dedritic cells
    • macrophages
A

Antigen presenting cells (APC)

23
Q
  • a lymphocyte that originated from the BM
  • cells of the adaptive immune response that possess surface antibodies that are specific to an epitope
24
Q

a substance composed of fresh beef heart extract and combined with lecithin & cholesterol

A

cardiolipin

25
Q

number of antigenic determinants on an antigen

A

antigen valency

26
Q

condition in which an immune response is initiated by “self” antigens

A

autoimmunity

27
Q
  • an enzyme that liberates inorganic phosphates from phosphate esters
  • used as an indicator label in immunoassays
A

Alkaline phosphatase

28
Q

union of antibody with its homologous antigen

A

Antigen-antibody complex

29
Q

any substance that when introduced into the body stimulates antibody production

30
Q

binding strength between an antigenic determinant (epitope) and its complementary site (paratope) in the Fab region of the antibody

31
Q
  • substance added to vaccines to potentiate or enhance the immune response of the recipient
  • Examples
    • alum
    • Freund’s adjuvant
32
Q

movement of cells such as neutrophils towards a stimulus

A

chemotaxis

33
Q
  • “reactive lymphocytes”
  • suppressor and cytotoxic T-cells capable of recognizing and killing B -cells infected by viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus
A

Atypical lymphocytes

34
Q
  • an autoimmune antibody directed against a nuclear component
  • seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
A

Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)

35
Q
  • “alexin”
  • humoral mechanism of non-specific immune response of at least 14 components that proceed is a cascading sequence of activation, resulting in cell lysis
  • 3 complement pathways:
    • classical
    • alternative
    • mannose binding lectin
A

Complement

36
Q

a laboratory technique that involves the removal of antibodies by the use of a specific antigen

  • specific antigen
    • ​red blood cell surface
A

absorption

37
Q

an immunoglobulin (Ig) formed in response to an antigen

38
Q

absence of all immunoglobulins in serum

A

agammaglobulinemia

39
Q

an alternative form of a gene at a particular locus or specific postion on a chromosome

40
Q

a specific region of an antigen that is recognized by the B or T-cell receptors

A

Antigenic determinant

Immunology & Serology (7 decks)

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