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ACE Personal Training Vocab > Glossary e-h > Flashcards

Glossary e-h Flashcards

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1
Q

eating disorder

A

bad eating pattern - threatens a persons physical / psychological health

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2
Q

eccentric

A

isotonic muscle contraction - muscle lengthens against a resistance when it is stimulated.
known as negative work/rep

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3
Q

edema

A

swelling from an excessive accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the body

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4
Q

ejection fraction

A

percentage of total volume of blood that is pumped from the left ventricle during the systolic contraction of the heart

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5
Q

elasticity

A

temporary/recoverable elongation of the heart

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6
Q

elastin

A

protein, similar to collagen, found in connective tissue that has elastic properties

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7
Q

electrolyte

A

mineral exists as a charged ion in the body. important for normal cellular function.

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8
Q

emotional arousal

A

state of heightened emotional, physiological behavior

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9
Q

empathy

A

understanding what they are experiencing from your own perspective

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10
Q

emphysema

A

obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by gradual destruction of lung alveoli and the surrounding connective tissue, airway inflammation, leading to reduced ability to effectively breathe

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11
Q

employee

A

person who works for a boss

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12
Q

End-diastolic volume

A

volume of blood at the end of the cardiac filling cycle (diastole)

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13
Q

endocrine

A

refers to the gland or the substance secreted directly into the systemic circulation.

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14
Q

endomysium

A

layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers and contains capillaries, nerves, and lymphatics.

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15
Q

endosteum

A

soft tissue lining the internal surface of the diaphysis on a long bone

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16
Q

endothelial dysfunction

A

imbalance between vasodilating and vasoconstricting substances produced by the endothelium (inner lining of blood vessels) which can lead to atherosclerosis

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17
Q

enzyme

A

protein that speeds up a specific chemical reaction

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18
Q

epimysium

A

layer of connective tissue that encloses the entire muscle and is continuous with the fascia and other connective tissue wrappings of muscle. including the endomysium and perimysium.

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19
Q

epinephrine

A

hormone released as part of the sympathetic response to exercise AKA adrenaline

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20
Q

epiphyseal cartilage

A

cartilaginous layer between the head and shaft of a long bone where bone growth occurs. Growth Plate.

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21
Q

epiphysis

A

end of a long bone, wider than the shaft

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22
Q

episiotomy

A

incision made in the perineum-tissue between the vaginal opening and the anus - during childbirth

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23
Q

ergogenic

A

intended to enhance physical performance, stamina or recovery

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24
Q

ergonomic

A

designed for efficiency and comfort in the working environment

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25
Q

Essential amino acid

A

8-10 to 10-23 different amino acids needed to make proteins. essential because the body can’t make them. They come from diet.

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26
Q

essential body fat

A

necessary for maintenance of body life & reproductive function

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27
Q

essential hypertension

A

primary hypertension that is without an identifiable cause

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28
Q

estimated average requirement EAR

A

an adequate intake in 50% of an age group sex specific

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29
Q

estrogen

A

estrus-producing steroid compounds produced primarily in the ovaries; female sex hormone

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30
Q

euhydration

A

state of normal body water content

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31
Q

evaporation

A

molecules in a liquid state (water) become gases

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32
Q

eversion

A

rotation of the foot to direct the plantar surface outward; occurs in frontal plane

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33
Q

evidence based practice

A

informed decisions and taking action based on the available decisions

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34
Q

exculpatory clause

A

clause within a waiver that bars the potential plaintiff from recovery

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35
Q

exercise-induced bronchoconstriction EIB

A

loss of air & difficulty breathing during exercise due to too much cold, hot or both air. occurs during exercise & can last about 10-15 minutes

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36
Q

expiration

A

exhaling

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37
Q

express partnership

A

partnership created through a formal contract

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38
Q

extension

A

straightening a joint. usually applied to the muscular movement of a limb

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39
Q

external rotation

A

outward turning of the vertical axis of the bone

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40
Q

extinction

A

removing a positive stimulus that has previous followed a behavior

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41
Q

extrinsic feedback

A

information received from another person to you

42
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

motivation that comes from an external rewards - material/social

43
Q

fartlek training

A

speed play - randomly changes the aerobic intensity based on how one feels. interval training

44
Q

fascia

A

connective tissue that develops & isolates the muscles of the body & providing structural support and protection

45
Q

fascicle

A

bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium

46
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of fascia

47
Q

fast twitch muscle fiber

A

Type II Fiber - low oxidative capacity but a high glycolytic capacity; for rapid, powerful movements such as jumping throwing & sprinting

48
Q

fat

A

essential fat that provides energy & energy storage. 1 gram of fat equals 9 kcal

49
Q

fat oxidation

A

metabolic pathway of breaking down fatty acids when in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate ATP

50
Q

fat free mass FFM

A

body composition that represents everything but fat. blood bones connective tissue organs & muscle. aka Lean body mass

51
Q

fatty acid

A

long hydrocarbon chain with even # of carbons & varying degrees of saturation with hydrogen

52
Q

feedback

A

giving corrective/incorrectness of a response.

53
Q

femoral anteversion

A

congenital condition - femur is rotated inward (medially)

54
Q

fiber

A

carbohydrate chains in the body that cannot break down for use & pass through the body undigested

55
Q

first ventilatory threshold VT1

A

aerobic exercise - ventilation starts to increase in a non-linear fashion in response to an accumulation of metabolic by products in the blood

56
Q

flexibility

A

ability to move joints through their full range of movements

57
Q

flexion

A

moving a joint so the two bones forming it are brought closer together

58
Q

flow through taxation

A

financial loss & profit flow directly to the investors from the business

59
Q

foramina

A

holes/openings in the bones or body cavities

60
Q

force couple relationship

A

situations where muscles work together to achieve a balanced movement

61
Q

fracture

A

break in the continuity of the bone.

62
Q

franchise

A

like mcdonalds/vasa

63
Q

free radical

A

can damage DNA, cause cancer & it is a chemical group that has unshared electrons available for reaction

64
Q

frontal plane

A

divides body into anterior & posterior

65
Q

frostbite

A

freezing of the skin/underlying tissues

skin becomes cold & red..then numb, hard & pale.

66
Q

fructose

A

fruit sugar. sweetest monosaccharides

67
Q

gait

A

style of walking

68
Q

ganglia

A

nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervouse system

69
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD

A

chronic condition with the lower esophageal spincter allows gastric acids to reflux into the esophagus causing heartburn, acid indigestion & possible injury to esophageal lining

70
Q

gemelli

A

posterior hip muscles that when activated contribute to external rotation of the femur in acetabulum

71
Q

general partnership

A

each partner assumes management responsibility & unlimited liability

72
Q

general supervision

A

employee/work does not require constant supervision

73
Q

genu valgum

A

knock knee deformity where the angulation distal to the knee is away from the midline of the body

74
Q

gestational diabetes mellitus

A

inability to maintain normal glucose or any during pregnancy. despite being treated with diet or insulin

75
Q

ghrelin

A

hormone produced in stomach- stimulates appetite

76
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar- all carbohydrates are used as the body’s energy source

77
Q

glycogen

A

chief carb storage material. formed in the liver & stored in liver & muscles

78
Q

glycogen sparing

A

use of non-carbohydrates as a source of energy during exercise so that the depletion of muscle glycogen stores is delayed. example - use fat for energy during running. 2nd wind

79
Q

glycolysis

A

breakdown of glucose or of its storage form glycogen

80
Q

goal setting theory

A

developed by edwin locke & gary latham that identified a connection between the establishment of goals tasks

81
Q

golgi-mazzoni corpuscle

A

specialized mechanoreceptor located in the joint capsule responsible for detecting joint compression.

82
Q

golgi tendon organ GTO

A

sensory organ that causes inhibition of the entire muscle group to protect against too much force

83
Q

green exercise

A

performed in natural areas

84
Q

gross neglegence

A

a waiver clause cannot prevent a suit for gross negligence. the worst of the worst.

85
Q

ground reaction force

A

force exerted by the ground when a body makes contact with it

86
Q

group waiver

A

waiver includes lines for multiple signatrues

87
Q

growth hormone

A

secreted by pituitary gland that facilitates prtein syntheses in the body

88
Q

guiding style

A

personal trainer is engaged but the client is the main player

89
Q

gynoid

A

adipose tissue or body fat distributed on the hips or the lower body. ( pear shaped individuals)

90
Q

health belief model

A

an individuals decision to adopt healthy behaviors is based upon their perception of susceptibility to an illness and the severity of it.

91
Q

health claim

A

statement that describes the relationship between food and the prevention/treatment of a disease

92
Q

health equity

A

fair & equal opportunity for every individual to attain their highest level of health

93
Q

health insurance portability and accountability act HIPPA

A

1996 act to protect the personal informance of all clients regarding health/patient care

94
Q

healthy mediterranean-style eating pattern

A

usda food patterns associated with positive healthy eating outcomes

95
Q

healthy US eating patterns

A

based on types and proportions of foods americans consume. nutrients

96
Q

healhty vegetarian eating pattern

A

eating vegetables.

97
Q

heart disease

A

structural function/abnormality of the heart/blood vessels supplying the heart that impairs its normal functioning

98
Q

heart rate

A

heart beats per minute

99
Q

heart rate reserve HRR

A

the hearts ability to increase the rate of beating and cardiac output above resting level to maximal intensity

100
Q

heat exhaustion

A

most common heat related incident. result of intense exercise in a hot humid environment and profuse sweating. result in fluid & electrolyte loss, drop in blood pressure, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, decreased coordination and often syncope (fainting)

ACE Personal Training Vocab (2 decks)

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