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ACE Personal Training Vocab > Glossary a - d > Flashcards

Glossary a - d Flashcards

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1
Q

Abdominal Fat

A

Visceral Fat

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2
Q

Abdominal Obesity

A

Excessive storage of stomach fat. Men >40” & Women >35”

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3
Q

Abduction

A

Movement AWAY from the midline body

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4
Q

Absolute Strength

A

Maximum weight that someone can lift 1 time.

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5
Q

Absorption

A

Uptake of nutrients across a tissue or membrane by the gastrointestinal tract.

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6
Q

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

A

Range of intake for a particular energy source that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing intakes of essential nutrients.

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7
Q

Acclimation

A

Physiological adaption to an unfamiliar environment and an achievement of a new steady state

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8
Q

Acetylcholine

A

White crystalline neurotransmitter and derivative of choline that is released at the ends of nerve fibers in the somatic and parasympathetic nervous systems and is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses in the body.

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9
Q

Actin

A

contractile protein in a myofibril

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10
Q

Action

A

Model of behavior change to actually engage in activities that started less than 6 months ago.

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11
Q

Active Listening

A

Listening when listener is concerned about the content. Intent and feelings of the message.

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12
Q

Active Recover

A

Continuing to move post workout/exercise but at a lower intensity.

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13
Q

Activities of daily living (ADL)

A

Activities normally performed like brushing teeth, sitting up, standing, shopping etc.

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14
Q

Acute

A

A rapid onset and a relatively short and severe course of injury. Opposite of Chronic.

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15
Q

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

A

resulting from an Acute Obstruction of a coronary artery

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16
Q

Adduction

A

Movement TOWARD the midline of the body.

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17
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

high energy phosphate required to provide energy for cellular function. Produced both aerobically and anaerobically stored in the body.

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18
Q

Adequate Intake (AI)

A

Recommended nutrient intake level that is deemed for good health

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19
Q

Adherence

A

Extent to when people follow their plan

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20
Q

Adhesion

A

Fibrous band of scar tissue forming between 2 surfaces

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21
Q

Adipocyte

A

A fat cell

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22
Q

Adiponectin

A

hormone that facilitates the action of insulin by sending blood glucose into the body’s cells for storage or use as fuel, thus increasing the cells’ insulin sensitivity or glucose metabolism.

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23
Q

Adipose

A

Fat cells stored in fatty tissues in the body

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24
Q

Adulterated

A

A supplement that presents a “significant or unreasonable risk of illness or injury” when used as stated or under normal circumstances.

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25
Q

Aerobic

A

presence of oxygen

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26
Q

Affiliate

A

facility or business that is connected to a larger organization or company

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27
Q

Affirmation

A

positive statements to accentuate a client’s strengths or effort

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28
Q

Agility

A

ability to move quickly and easily. Skill related

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29
Q

Agonist

A

Muscle directly responsible for observed movement; also called prime mover.

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30
Q

Agreement to participate

A

Document that states a client is aware of inherent risks

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31
Q

Air displacement plethysmography (ADP)

A

Use air displacement to measure the total body composition instead of water.

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32
Q

Allergen

A

substance that can cause an allergic reaction by stimulating type-1 hypersensitivity

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33
Q

Altitude Sickness

A

Illness presented by changing altitudes from low-high quickly without acclimating to it. Includes shortness of breathe, headache, lightheadedness, nausea.

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34
Q

Alveoli

A

Primary sites of gas exchange between the lungs and the blood. A spherical extension of the respiratory bronchioles.

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35
Q

Ambient Temperature

A

Room temperature

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36
Q

Ambivalence

A

Having mixed feelings about change

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37
Q

Amino Acid

A

Nitrogen-containing compound that is a building block of protein.

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38
Q

Amortization phase

A

Transition period between eccentric and concentric actions during plyometrics. Contributes to power development

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39
Q

Anabolic

A

Muscle building effects

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40
Q

Anaerobic

A

Without presence of oxygen

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41
Q

Anaerobic Efficiency

A

Ability to use the energy systems that do not require oxygen to contribute to the total energy needs during physical activity.

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42
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis

A

metabolic pathway that uses glucose for energy production without oxygen. Referred to as lactic acid system and lactic acid is produced as a by-product

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43
Q

Anatomical position

A

standing erect with arms hanging by the side and head, eyes, feet and palms facing forward

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44
Q

Android

A

(apple shaped individuals) Adipose tissue or body fat distributed in the abdominal area

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45
Q

Anemia

A

reduction in the # of red blood cells &/or quantity of hemoglobin per volume of blood below normal values.

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46
Q

Anemic

A

same as Anemia

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47
Q

Aneurysm

A

localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel; associated with a stroke when the aneurysm bursts

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48
Q

Angina

A

common symptom or Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Chest pain, tightness, or radiating pain resulting from lack of blood flow to the heart muscle

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49
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical procedure that involves inserting a catheter into a blocked coronary artery. Narrow balloon is then inflated inside the artery to widen it.
Also called, “Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

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50
Q

Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

A

Class of drugs used to treat high blood pressure by keeping Angiotensin II from binding with angiotensin II receptors and allowing blood vessels to dilate.

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51
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Inflammatory arthritis of the spine. may progress to bony ankylosis with slipping of vertebral margins. More common in males.

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52
Q

Anorexia

A

eating disorder. intense fear of gaining weight or behaviors that might cause weight gain. Restriction of nutrient intake.

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53
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that acts in the opposite to the contraction of the prime mover muscle. (quad - hamstring)

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54
Q

Antecedent

A

variable/factor that precedes and influences a clients behavior

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55
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front. Same as Ventral; opposite of posterior.

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56
Q

ACL - Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A

primary stabilizing ligament that travels from the medial border of the lateral femoral condyle to the anterolateral medial tibial spine.

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57
Q

Anterior Shin Splints

A

Pain in the anterior (front) muscles of the shin. Occurs from sudden changes or exertional activity.

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58
Q

Anthropometry

A

measurement of the size and portions of the human body.

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59
Q

Antihistamine

A

class of drugs that blocks histamine receptors involved in the allergic response.

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60
Q

Antioxidant

A

substance the prevents or repairs oxidative damage. (vitamins, carotenoids, selenium, ubiquinone, and bioflavonoids

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61
Q

anxiety

A

state of uneasiness and apprehension; occurs in some mental disorders

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62
Q

Aorta

A

major artery of the cardiovascular system. arises from the left ventricle of the heart

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63
Q

Apnea

A

temporary absence or cessation of breathing. (when sleeping it’s called sleep apnea)

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64
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

bones of the upper and lower limbs and the pectoral (shoulder) and pelvic (hip) girdles.

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65
Q

applied force

A

external force acting on a system (body or body segment)

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66
Q

arrhythmia

A

disturbance in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat.

Can be symptoms of serious heart disease.

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67
Q

arteriole

A

small blood vessel that branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries. primary site of vascular resistance.

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68
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

chronic disease - thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls result in impaired blood circulation. - develops in aging, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and other conditions

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69
Q

artery

A

blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

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70
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of the joint

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71
Q

articulation

A

a joint

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72
Q

associative stage of learning

A

second stage of learning a motor skill, when performers begin to master the fundamentals and can concentrate on skill refinement

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73
Q

asthma

A

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Affects genetically susceptible individuals in response to various triggers. viral infection, exercise, cold, allergens and stress

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74
Q

asymptomatic

A

without presence of symptoms

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75
Q

ataxia

A

failure of muscular coordination. no muscular action

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76
Q

atherogenesis

A

formation of atheromatous deposits, especially on the innermost layer of the arterial wall

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77
Q

atherosclerosis

A

accumulation of fatty material on the inner walls of the arteries, causing them to harden, thicken, and lose elasticity. A form of arteriosclerosis.

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78
Q

atherosclerotic heart disease

A

the end result of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries that supply the muscle of the heart with oxygen and nutrients.

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79
Q

athletic trainer

A

healthcare professional of athletes.

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80
Q

atria

A

1 of 2 upper chambers of the heart. (right and left)

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81
Q

Atrium

A

Same as atria.

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82
Q

Atrophy

A

reduction in muscle size due to inactivity or immobilization

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83
Q

auscultation

A

listening to the internal sounds of the body (heartbeat) using a stethoscope

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84
Q

autogenic inhibition

A

automatic reflex relaxation cause by stimulation of the golgi tendon organ

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85
Q

autoimmune disease

A

any of a group of disorders in which tissue injury is associated with the body’s responses to its own constituents; may be systematic

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86
Q

automated external defibrillator (AED)

A

portable electronic device used to restore normal heart rhythms in victims of sudden cardiac arrest

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87
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

regulates involuntary body functions, including the activity of the cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, and glands.
2 divisions; sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

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88
Q

autonomous motivation

A

engaging in activity out of free will and desire to do so.

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89
Q

autonomous stage of learning

A

3rd stage of learning a motor skill. Habitual or automatic.

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90
Q

autonomy

A

capacity of a rational individual to make an informed, un-coerced decision

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91
Q

avascular

A

lack of blood vessels

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92
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones of the head, neck and trunk

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93
Q

axis of rotation

A

imaginary line/point which an object/joint rotates

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94
Q

axon

A

nerve fiber that conducts nerve impulse away from the neuron cell body. efferent nerve fiber.

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95
Q

Balance

A

ability to maintain the body’s composition over its base of support. Stability

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96
Q

ballistic stretching

A

dynamic stretching characterize by rhythmic bobbing or bouncing motions representing relatively high-force short duration movements

97
Q

bariatric surgery

A

variety of surgical procedures to induce weight lose. (gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy…)

98
Q

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

energy required to complete the sum total of life sustaining processes. - ion transport, protein synthesis, daily function, circulation and nutrient processing.

99
Q

base of support (BOS)

A

areas of contact between the feet and their supporting surface and the area between feet.

100
Q

basic activities of daily living

A

anything you do in your daily life physically.

101
Q

behavior chain

A

sequence of events before and after a target behavior that helps explain and reinforce it. like participation in exercise session.

102
Q

benign

A

non-cancerous growth or tumor. Does not spread to other tissues. not life threatening.

103
Q

beta blocker

A

medication that limits sympathetic nervous system stimulation. SLOWS HEART RATE and DECREASEs MAXIMAL HR

104
Q

beta cell

A

cell responsible for secreting the hormone INSULIN, which lowers the glucose levels in the blood.

105
Q

binge eating disorder

A

feelings of being out of control when eating. Frequents binge eating (without throwing up)

106
Q

bioavailability

A

substance can be absorbed and efficiently utilized by the body

107
Q

bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

A

approach for body-compensation measurement and assessment. based on the obstruction of flow of an alternating current as it moves through parts of the body.

108
Q

blood pressure (BP)

A

measured in millimeters of mercury with a sphygmomanometer. PRESSURE exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries.

109
Q

body composition

A

makeup of the body in terms of BMI, lean muscle mass etc. measurements

110
Q

body fat

A

primary component is to store energy for later use.

111
Q

body fat percentage

A

(Fat mass / by total body mass ) x 100 = BF%

proportion of BF to LeanMuscleMass

112
Q

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A

Measure of body height to body weight used to determine levels of obesity or normal weight.

113
Q

Bolus

A

food and saliva digestive mix that is swallowed and then moved through the digestive track

114
Q

Bone Density

A

bone mineral density

115
Q

bone deposition

A

process in which calcium, phosphate and other ions are taken from blood plasma and deposited in bone tissue.

116
Q

bone formation

A

processes resulting in the formation of normal, healthy bone tissue, including remodeling and resorption

117
Q

bone mineral density (BMD)

A

Measurement of minerals contained in a certain volume of bone.

118
Q

bone resorption

A

dissolving of bone

119
Q

branched-chain amino acid BCAA

A

essential amino acid that inhibits muscle protein breakdown and aids in muscle glycogen storage. BCAAs are valine, leucine, and isoleucine.

120
Q

broadcast music, Inc. BMI

A

1 of 2 performing rights societies in the U.S. that represent music publishers in negotiating and collecting fees for the nondramatic performing of music.

121
Q

bronchi

A

2 large branches of the trachea leading into the lungs

122
Q

bronchiole

A

smallest tubes that supply air to the alveoli (air sacks) of the lungs

123
Q

bronchitis

A

acute/chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes

124
Q

bronchoconstriction

A

constriction of the airways in the lungs caused by the tightening of surrounding smooth muscle, with consequent coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.

125
Q

bronchodilator

A

medication inhaled to dilate(enlarge) and relax the constricted bronchial smooth muscle.

126
Q

buffering capacity

A

ability of muscles to neutralize the acid that accumulates in them during high-intensity exercise, thus delaying the onset of fatigue.

127
Q

bulimia

A

eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of uncontrolled binge eating; recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior such as self induced vomiting, laxative misuse, etc…

128
Q

bursa

A

sac of fluid that is present in areas of the body that have a lot of friction.

129
Q

bursitis

A

swelling and inflammation in the bursa that results from overuse.

130
Q

calcaneal eversion

A

movement of the plantar surface of the calcaneus laterally away from the midline of the body.

131
Q

calcium channel blocker

A

class of blood pressure medication that relaxes and widens the blood vessels

132
Q

calorie

A

measurement of the amount of energy in food available.

133
Q

capillary

A

smallest type of blood vessel that supplies blood to the tissues and the site of all gas and nutrient exchange in the cardiovascular system. Capillaries connect the arterial and venous systems.

134
Q

carbohydrate

A

body’s preferred energy source. simple and complex are stored a glycogen in the muscles and liver and is transported in the blood as glucose.

135
Q

carbohydrate loading

A

up to a week long regimen of manipulating intensity of training and carbohydrate intake to achieve maximum glycogen storage for an endurance race.

136
Q

cardiac cycle

A

period of the beginning from one heart beat to the beginning of the next beat.
Systolic and diastolic phases and interval in between.

137
Q

cardiac muscle

A

type of involuntary striated muscle tissue that makes up the walls of the heart and provides continuous rhythm action known as heart contractions.

138
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute; usually expressed in liters of blood per minute.

139
Q

cardiac reserve

A

work that the heart is able to perform under its ordinary circumstances

140
Q

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR

A

procedure to support and maintain breathing and circulation for a person who has stopped breathing. etc.

141
Q

cardiorespiratory fitness

A

ability to perform large muscle movement over sustained period; capacity of the heart and lung system to deliver oxygen for sustained energy production. endurance/aerobic.

142
Q

cardiovascular disease CVD

A

general term for the heart, blood vessels, or circulation

143
Q

cardiovascular drift

A

changes in observed cardiovascular variables that occur during prolonged, submaximal exercise without change in workload

144
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

pathology of the wrist and hand that occurs when the median nerve, which extends from the forearm into the hand, becomes compressed at the wrist.

145
Q

cartilage

A

smooth, semi-opaque material that absorbs shock and reduces friction between the bones of a joint.

146
Q

casein

A

main protein found in milk and other dairy products

147
Q

catabolic

A

breaking down of tissue, or catabolism. refers to the decrease in lean tissue, muscle.

148
Q

catabolism

A

break down molecules into smaller units and release energy

149
Q

catecholamine

A

hormone (epinephrine / norepinephrine) released as part of the sympathetic response to exercise

150
Q

c-corporation

A

various investors and designed to operate in multiple countries

151
Q

cellular acidosis

A

decrease in muscle PH 7 cause by accumulation of protons in the muscle cells. caused from the splitting of Adenosine Triphosphate into adenosine Diphosphate. Each time it splits, a hydrogen ion is released.

152
Q

Center of gravity

A

center of mass

153
Q

center of mass

A

point around which all weight is evenly distributed Center of gravity

154
Q

central nervous system CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

155
Q

cerebral vascular disease

A

one of a group of brain dysfunctions related to disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain.

156
Q

certification

A

credentials after testing and passing

157
Q

change talk

A

statements reflecting a desire to change

158
Q

cholesterol

A

fatlike substance found in the blood tissues and in certain foods. can accumulate in the arteries and lead to a narrowing of the vessels (atherosclerosis).

159
Q

chondromalacia

A

gradual softening and degeneration of the articular cartilage usually involving the back surface of the patella (kneecap). may produce pain and swelling or a grinding sound or sensation when the knee is flexed and extended.

160
Q

chondromalacia patella

A

inflammation of the underside of the patella kneecap and softening of the cartilage that is associated with the knee pain.

161
Q

chronic

A

condition that persists a long period of time. opposite of accute

162
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

inflamed bronchiole tubes, increased mucus secretion and a productive cough lasting several months - years.

163
Q

chronic disease

A

disease state that persists over an extended period of time.

164
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

similar to asthma bronchitis or emphysema - an obstruction of air flow.

165
Q

chylomicron

A

large lipoprotein particle that transfers fat from food from the small intestine to the liver and adipose tissue.

166
Q

circuit training

A

series of exercise stations, with brief rest intervals in between; can emphasize muscular endurance, aerobic conditioning, muscular strength, or combo of all 3+

167
Q

claudication

A

Cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation of blood to the leg muscles; associated with peripheral vascular disease.

168
Q

closed kinetic chain exercise

A

movement where the distal segment of the target body part is more fixed; generally considered more functional, as they mimic daily activities closely. (squats)

169
Q

co-contraction

A

mutual coordination of antagonist muscles ( such as flexors and extensors) to maintain a position

170
Q

cognition

A

current thought or feeling that can function as an antecedent or consequence for overt behaviors

171
Q

cognitive behavior therapy

A

form of psychotherapy that focuses on how thoughts and feelings influence behavior

172
Q

cognitive distortion

A

unproductive thought process that can paralyze a client when making a positive and lasting behavioral change

173
Q

cognitive domain

A

1 of 3 domains of learning; describes intellectual activities and involves the learning knowledge

174
Q

cognitive stage of learning

A

1st stage of learning. performs make many errors and has extremely variable performance.

175
Q

collagen

A

main constituent of connective tissue - ligaments, tendons, and muscles

176
Q

comorbidity

A

disorder/disease in addition to a primary disease/disorder

177
Q

comparative negligence

A

system used to distribute fault between injured party & any defendant

178
Q

competence

A

having necessary ability, knowledge, skill to do something. 1 of 3 basic psychological needs that influence motivation, according to self determination theory.

179
Q

complex carbohydrate

A

long chain of sugar that takes more time to digest than a simple carb

180
Q

compound set

A

resistance-training approach involving the performance of 2+ exercise for the same muscle or muscle group in rapid succession

181
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

X-Ray scanner used to exam soft tissue. Records slices of body with CT scanner. A cross sectional image is then formed by computer integration.

182
Q

concentric

A

isotonic muscle contraction in which the muscle develops tension and shortens when stimulated. (bicep curl)

183
Q

concussion

A

traumatic brain injury - caused by the head/brain to move rapidly back & forth by force

184
Q

conduction

A

direct flow of heat through a material resulting from physical contact

185
Q

congestive heart failure

A

heart cannot pump blood at a sufficient rate to meet the metabolic demand. resulting in lung congestion

186
Q

connective tissue

A

tissue that binds together and supports various structures of the body. Ligaments & tendons are connective tissue.

187
Q

consequence

A

variable that occurs following a target behavior that influences a persons future behavior/decisions.

188
Q

contemplation

A

individual weighs the pros & cons of behavioral change

189
Q

contract

A

binding agreement between 2+ parties

190
Q

contractile protein

A

protein myofilaments that are essential for muscle contraction

191
Q

contracture

A

abnormal or usually permanent contraction of a muscle characterized by high resistance to passive stretching

192
Q

contraindication

A

condition that renders particular movement, activity or treatment improper/undesirable

193
Q

contributory negligence

A

plaintiff’s negligence contributed to the act of dispute in a legal case

194
Q

controlled motivation

A

doing a task when pressured, motivated, demand, coercion

195
Q

convection

A

transfer of heat through surrounding air or water molecules.

196
Q

coordination

A

ability to use different parts of the body together

197
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

major form of cardiovascular disease; results when coronary arteries are narrowed or occluded.
most common by atherosclerotic deposits of fibrous and fatty tissues.. also called Coronary heart disease

198
Q

corporate veil

A

legal doctrine shields individual investors in corporations from legal liability beyond their initial investments

199
Q

corporation

A

legal entity. independent of it’s owners & regulated by state laws. owned through shares issued by the business

200
Q

cortical bone

A

compact, dense bone that is found in the shafts of long bones and vertebral endplates

201
Q

cortisol

A

hormone (stress hormone) increases blood pressure & blood glucose levels. has an immunosuppressive action

202
Q

creatine phosphate

A

storage form of high phosphate in muscle cells that can be used to immediately resynthesize adenosine triphosphate ATP

203
Q

creep

A

tendency of connective tissue to slowly deform permanently (or lengthen) under the influence of applied stress such as a stretching force.

204
Q

crimp

A

zigzag structure of collagen, gradually straightens out when the tissue is subjected to high tensile forces.

205
Q

cultural competence

A

work effectively with different cultures

206
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin & mucous membranes due to reduced hemoglobin in the blood.

207
Q

Cytokine

A

hormone-like low molecular weight proteins, that regulate the intensity and duration of immune responses and are involved in cell-cell communications.

208
Q

decisional balance

A

1 of 4 components of transtheoretical model of behavioral change. Refers to the numbers of pros & cons an individual perceives regarding adopting and/or maintaining an activity program.

209
Q

Deep

A

anatomical term meaning internal, beneath the skin

210
Q

dehydration

A

losing body water, life threatening

211
Q

delayed-onset muscle soreness DOMS

A

soreness that occurs 24-48 hours after strenuous exercise

212
Q

dendrite

A

portion of nerve fiber that transmits impulses toward a nerve cell body. receptive portion of nerve cell

213
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA

A

large, double stranded helix molecule. Genetic carrier

214
Q

depression

A

action of lowering a muscle/bone or movement in a downward direction
general emotional - sadness

215
Q

detraining

A

reversal of adaptation to exercise.

216
Q

diabetes

A

disease of carbohydrate metabolism in which an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin results in an inability to metabolize carbohydrates normally.

217
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle for inspiration. only skeletal muscle considered essential for life.

218
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone

219
Q

diastasis recti

A

separation/tear of the recti abdominal muscles along the midline of the body. (tear in tummy muscles)

220
Q

diastole

A

period of filling the heart between contractions, resting phase of the heart

221
Q

diastolic blood pressure DBP

A

indicator of total peripheral resistance by measuring the pressure in the arteries during the relaxation (diastole) phase of the cardiac cycle

222
Q

dietary approaches to stop Hypertension Eating Plan

DASH

A

Eating plan designed to reduce blood pressure, lower risk of coronary heart disease and can be adopted by nearly anyone

223
Q

Dietary Reference Intake DRI

A

generic term to reference 3 types of nutrient values.
RDA - recommended dietary allowance
EAR - Estimated average Requirement
UL - Tolerable Upper intake Level

224
Q

Dietary Supplement

A

Product that functions to support the diet (supplement with vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acid, increases daily intake metabolite, constituent, extract, etc.

225
Q

dietary supplement health and education Act DSHEA

A

1994 Bill passed by congress to set regulations and guidelines for dietary supplements

226
Q

Digestion

A

process of breaking down food in order to absorb its nutrients

227
Q

diminishing returns

A

principle states after a certain level of performance has been achieved the effectiveness of training to further a persons performance level declines.

228
Q

directing style

A

communication style - personal trainer leads, tells & decides. Lead player
client is the passive player.

229
Q

distal

A

farthest from the midline of the body or from the point of origin of a muscle

230
Q

diuretic

A

medication that increases urine volume & sodium excretion.

231
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement of the foot up towards the shin

232
Q

dose-response relationship

A

direct association of the amount of a stimulus and the magnitude of the desired outcome. (you get what you put into)

233
Q

double-progression training protocal

A

progressing the intensity of a muscular training program using first an increase in the number of repetitions performed with a given load and 2nd an increase in mount of weight lifted using increments of 5%

234
Q

double taxation

A

imposing taxation on corporate earnings at both the corporate level and again as a stockholder dividen

235
Q

dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry DXA

A

use of low dose radiation to measure bone density. used to measure overall body fat & regional differences in body fat

236
Q

Dynamic balances

A

act of maintaining postural control while moving

237
Q

dynamic stretching

A

stretching that involves taking joints through movements while continuously moving. best for warming up with similar joint movements in the exercise.

238
Q

dyslipidemia

A

conditioned characterized by abnormal blood lipid profiles; may include elevated cholesterol, triglyceride, or low density lipoprotein levels LDL / high density lipoprotein levels HDL

239
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath; difficulty / distress

ACE Personal Training Vocab (2 decks)

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