Glossary - 7th Edition Flashcards
A set of conditions that is required to be met before deliverables are accepted
Acceptance Criteria
Within the quality management system, [blank] is an assessment of correctness.
Accuracy
A documented tabulation of schedule activities that shows the activity description, activity identifier, and a sufficiently detailed scope of work description so project team members understand what work is to be performed
Activity List
The realized cost incurred for the work performed on an activity during a specific time.
Actual Cost (AC)
A development approach in which the requirements are subject to high-level of uncertainty and volatility, and are likely to change throughout the project
Adaptive Approach
A diagram that shows large numbers of ideas classified into groups for review and analysis
Affinity Diagram
A term used to describe a mindset of values and principles, as set forth in the agile manifesto.
Agile
The process of classifying items into similar categories or collections on the basis of their likeness
Affinity Grouping
A method used to evaluate identified options in order to select the options or approaches to use to perform the work of the project
Alternatives Analysis
A state of being unclear; having difficulty in identifying the cause of events, or having multiple options from which to choose
Ambiguity
A method for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or project, using historical data from a similar activity or project
Analogous estimating
A template, document output, or project deliverable
Artifact
A factor in the planning process that is considered to be true, real or certain without proof or demonstration
Assumption
An assessment that ensures assumptions and constraints are integrated into the project, plans and documents, and that there is consistency among them
Assumption and Constraint Analysis
A project document used to record all assumptions and constraints throughout the project
Assumption Log
The right to apply project resources, expend funds, and make decisions or give approvals
Authority
An ordered list of work to be done
Backlog
Progressive elaboration of the content in the backlog and re-prioritization of it to identify the work that can be accomplished in an upcoming iteration
Backlog Refinement
The approved version of a work product used as a basis for comparison to actual results
Baseline
Supporting documentation outlining the details used in establishing project, estimates such as assumptions, constraints, level of detail ranges, and confidence levels
Basis of Estimates
The comparison of actual or plant products, processes and practises to those of comparable organizations to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance
Benchmarking
The documented explanation, defining the processes for creating maximizing and sustaining the benefits provided by project or program
Benefits Management Plan
All documents used to solicit information, quotations or proposals from prospective sellers
Bid Documents
The meetings with prospective sellers prior to the preparation of a bid, or proposal to ensure all prospective vendors, have a clear in common understanding of the procurement. Also known as contractor, conferences, vendor, conferences, or pre-bid conferences
Bitter Conference
An obstacle that prevents the team from achieving its objectives. Also known as an impediment.
Blocker
The approved estimate for the project or any work breakdown structure (WBS) component or any schedule activity
Budget
The sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed
Budget at Completion (BAC)
A graphical representation of the work remaining in a time box, or the work completed toward the release of a product or project deliverable
Burn Chart
A value proposition for a proposed project that may include financial and non-financial benefits
Business Case
A one page, visual summary, that describes the value proposition and for structure, customers, and finances. These are often used in Lean startup situations.
Business Model Canvas
The net quantifiable benefit, derived from a business endeavour that may be tangible intangible, or both
Business Value
A rhythm of activities conducted throughout the project
Cadence
A visual representation that helps trace an undesirable effect back to its root cause
Cause-and-Effect Diagram
A modification to Amy formally controlled deliverable, project management, plan, component or project document
Change
A process whereby modifications to documents, deliverables, or baselines associated with the project or identified documented, approved or rejected
Change Control
A formally chartered group responsible for reviewing a valuating, approving, delaying, or rejecting changes to the project and for recording and communicating such decisions
Change Control Board (CCB)
A component of the project management plan that establishes the change control board documents, the extent of its authority, and describes how the change control system will be implemented
Change Control Plan
A set of procedures that describes how modifications to the project deliverables and documentation are managed and controlled
Change Control System
A comprehensive list of changes submitted during the project and their current status
Change Log
A comprehensive cyclic and structured approach for transitioning individuals, groups, and organizations from a current state to a future state with intended business benefits
Change Management
A formal proposal to modify a document deliverable or baseline
Change Request
A document issued by the project, initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities
Charter or Project Charter
A tally sheet that can be used as a checklist when gathering data
Check Sheet
The processes performed to formally complete or close of project, phase or contract.
Closing Process Group
A component of the project program or portfolio management plan that describes how when and by whom information about the project will be administered and disseminated
Communications Management Plan
A characteristic of a program or project or its environment that is difficult to manage due to human behavior, system, behavior, and ambiguity
Complexity
A type of cognitive bias that confirms pre-existing beliefs or hypotheses
Confirmation Bias
The degree to which the results meet the set quality requirements
Conformance
A limiting factor that affects the execution of a project program portfolio or process
Constraint
An event, or occurrence, that could affect the execution of the project, which may be accounted for with a reserve
Contingency
Time or money allocated in the schedule or cost baseline for known risks with active response strategies
Contingency Reserve
The practice of delivering feature increments immediately to customers often through the use of small batches of work and automation technology
Continuous Delivery
A mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified product service or result, and obligates the buyer to pay for it
Contract
The process of comparing actual performance with planned performance, analyzing variances, assessing trends to effect process improvements, evaluating possible alternatives and recommending appropriate corrective action as needed
Control
A graphic display of process, data over time and against established control limits, which has a centreline that assist in detecting a trend of plotted values toward either control limit
Control Chart
The approved version of the time-phased project budget, excluding any management reserves which can be changed only through formal change control procedures, and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results
Cost Baseline
A financial analysis method used to determine the benefits provided by a project against its costs
Cost-Benefit Analysis
A component of a project or program management plan that describes how cost will be planned, structured and controlled
Cost Management Plan
All costs incurred over the life of a product by investment in preventing nonconformance to requirements, appraisal of the product or service for performance to requirements, and failure to meet requirements
Cost of Quality (COQ)
A measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources expressed as the ratio of earned value to actual cost
Cost Performance Index (CPI)
A category of contract that involves payments to the seller for all legitimate actual cost incurred for completed work, plus an award fee representing seller profit
Cost Plus Award Fee Contract (CPAF)
A type of cost-reimbursable contract, where the buyer reimburses the seller for the sellers allowable cost in (allowable costs are defined by the contract) plus a fixed amount of profit in brackets (fee).
Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract (CPIF)
A type of contract involving payment to the seller for the sellers actual costs plus a fee typically representing the sellers profit
Cost-Reimbursable Contract
The amount of budget deficit or surplus at a given point in time expressed has the difference between the earned value and the actual cost
Cost Variance (CV)
A method used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding resources
Crashing
Standards, rules, or tests on which a judgement or decision can be based or by which a product, service, result, or process can be evaluated
Criteria
The sequence of activities that represents the longest path through a project which determines the shortest possible duration
Critical Path
A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of schedule flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model
Critical Path Method (CPM)
A chart indicating features completed over time, features in other states of development, and those in the backlog
Cumulative Flow Diagram (CFD)
The total elapsed time from the start of a particular activity or work item to its completion
Cycle Time
A diagram that shows the average cycle time of the work items completed over time.
Cycle Time Chart
A brief, daily collaboration meeting in which the team reviews progress from the previous day, declares intentions for the current day and highlights any obstacles encountered or anticipated
Daily Standup
A set of charts and graphs showing progress or performance against important measures of the project
Dashboard
Methods used to collect, assess and evaluate data and information to gain a deeper understanding of a situation
Data Gathering and Analysis Methods
A diagraming and calculation method for evaluating the implications of a chain of multiple options in the presence of uncertainty
Decision Tree Analysis
A method used for dividing and subdividing the project, scope and project deliverables into smaller more manageable parts
Decomposition
A checklist of all the criteria required to be met, so that a deliverable can be considered ready for customer use
Definition of Done (DoD)
Any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase or project
Deliverable
The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with delivering the scope and quality that the project was undertaken to achieve
Delivery Performance Domain
A method used to create and evolve the product service or result during the project life cycle, such as a predictive, iterative, incremental, agile or hybrid method
Development Approach
The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with the development approach, cadence and lifecycle phases of the project
Development Approach and Life Cycle Performance Domain
A collection of practices for creating a smooth flow of deliveries by improving collaboration between development and operations staff
DevOps
A product or service that is delivered used and stored in an electronic format
Digital Product
A relationship that is based on best practises or project preferences
Discretionary Dependency
The total number of work periods required to complete an activity or work breakdown structure component expressed in hours, days or weeks. Contrast with effort.
Duration
The measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work
Earned Value (EV)
An analysis method that uses a set of measures associated with scope, schedule, and cost to determine the cost and schedule performance of a project
Earned Value Analysis (EVA)
The number of labour units required to complete a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component, often expressed in hours, days or weeks. Contrast with duration.
Effort
The ability to identify, assess and manage the personal emotions of oneself and other people, as well as the collective emotions of groups of people
Emotional Intelligence
Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain or direct the project program and portfolio
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF)
A large related body of work intended to hierarchically organize a set of requirements, and deliver specific business outcomes
Epic
A quantitative assessment of the likely amount or outcome of a variable, such as product costs, resources, effort, or durations
Estimate
The expected total cost of completing all work expressed has the sum of the actual cost to date and the estimate to complete
Estimate at Completion (EAC)
The expected cost to finish all the remaining project work
Estimate to Complete (ETC)
Methods used to develop an approximation of work time or cost on project
Estimating Methods
Those processes performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project requirements
Executing Process Group
The estimated value of an outcome expressed in monetary terms
Expected Monetary Value (EMV)
Knowledge that can be codified using symbol, such as words, numbers and pictures
Explicit Knowledge
A relationship between project activities and non-project activities
External Dependency
A schedule compression method in which activities or phases normally done in sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration
Fast Tracking
A set of related requirements or functionalities that provides value to an organization
Feature
A type of fixed-priced contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract) regardless of the seller’s costs
Firm Fixed Price Contract (FFP)
A type of activity, where the length of time required to complete the activity remains constant, regardless of the number of people or resources, assigned to the activity
Fixed Duration
In agreement that sets the fee that will be paid for a defined scope of work, regardless of the cost or effort to deliver it
Fixed-Price Contract
A type of contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract), and the seller can earn an additional amount if the seller meets defined performance criteria
Fixed Price Incentive Fee Contract (FPIF)
A fixed price contract, but with a special provision, allowing for predefined final adjustments to the contract price due to changed conditions, such as inflation changes, or cost increases (or decreases) for specific commodities
Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contract (FPEPA)
The measure of how efficiently work moves through a given process or framework
Flow
The depiction in a diagram format of the inputs, process actions, and outputs of one or more processes within a system
Flowchart
An estimate or prediction of conditions and events in the projects, future based on information and knowledge available at the time of the forecast
Forecast
An estimate of the amount of business functionality in an information system used to calculate the functional size measurement of a software system
Function Point
A bar chart of schedule information where activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates are shown on the horizontal axis, and activity durations are shown as horizontal bars placed according to start and finish dates
Gantt Chart
The framework for directing and enabling an organization through its established policies, practices, and other relevant documentation
Governance
A category or rank used to distinguish items that have the same functional use, but do not share the same requirements for quality
Grade
A chart that begins with high-level information that is progressively decomposed into lower levels of detail
Hierarchy Chart
A bar chart that shows the graphical representation of numerical data
Histogram
A combination of two or more agile, and non-agile elements, having a non-agile end result
Hybrid Approach
A strategic planning method that serves as a visual roadmap for the organization during product development
Impact Mapping
An obstacle that prevents the team from achieving its objectives. Also known as a blocker.
Impediment
An adaptive development approach in which the deliverable is produced successively adding functionality, until the deliverable contains the necessary and sufficient capability to be considered complete
Incremental Approach
A contract that provides for an indefinite quantity of goods or services, with a stated lower and upper limit within a fixed time period.
Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ)
A graphical representation of situations showing causal influences, time ordering of events, and other relationships among variables and outcomes
Influence Diagram
A visible, physical display that provides information to the rest of the organization, enabling timely knowledge sharing
Information Radiator
Those processes performed to define a new project or a new phase of an existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase
Initiating Process Group
A relationship between two or more project activities
Internal Dependency
Skills used to establish and maintain relationships with other people
Interpersonal Skills
A current condition or situation that may have an impact on the project objectives
Issue
A project document, where information about issues is recorded and monitored
Issue Log
A timeboxed cycle of development on a product or deliverable in which all of the work that is needed to deliver value is performed
Iteration
A detailed plan for the current iteration
Iteration Planning
A meeting held at the end of an iteration to demonstrate the work that was accomplished during the iteration
Iteration Review
A development approach that focusses on an initial simplified implementation then progressively elaborates adding to the feature set until the final deliverable is complete
Iteration Approach
A visualization tool that shows work in progress to help identify bottlenecks and over commitments, thereby allowing the team to optimize the workflow
Kanban Board
A gathering of team members and other key stakeholders at the outset of a project to formally set expectations gain a common understanding and commence work
Kickoff Meeting
A mixture of experience, values and beliefs, contextual information, intuition, and insight that people use to make sense of new experiences and information
Knowledge
The amount of time, whereby a successor activity will be delayed with respect to a predecessor activity
Lag
The concept of deferring a decision to allow the team to consider multiple options until the cost of further delay would exceed the benefit
Last Responsible Moment
The amount of time, whereby a successor activity can be advanced with respect to a predecessor activity
Lead
The time between a customer request and the actual delivery
Lead Time
A diagram showing the trend overtime of the average leadtime of the items completed in work
Lead Time Chart
A one page template designed to communicate a business plan with key stakeholders in an efficient and effective manner
Lean Startup Canvas
