Glossary Flashcards
Acceptable spirogram
A forced expiratory maneuver, after a maximal inhalation, that is free from hesitation or false starts, early termination, variable effort or baseline errors. Three acceptable maneuvers should be obtained.
Airflow resistance
The degree of was with which air can pass through airways. The number, length and diameter of the airways determine the amount of resistance that exists.
Algorithm
A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.
ATS
The American Thoracic Society promotes the improvement of spirometry through the application of their recommendations.
ATPS
Ambient Temperature and Pressure Saturated with water vapour. Volumes measured directly from the spirogram of a volume-type spirometer are at ATPS.
Back Extrapolation
Method for determining zero time from a spirogram, which is important when the exact starting point of a forced expiratory maneuver is not obvious.
Best Curve
An acceptable spirogram that has the largest sum of the FEV1 and the FVC measurements.
Btps
Body temperature and pressure saturated with water vapor. A volume of gas will shrink when cooled. The volume of air exhaled into a spirometer from the lungs will contract because the lungs are warmer than the spirometer. Therefore it is necessary to adjust the recorded volumes with a btps conversion factor to determine the actual volume of air exhaled before it’s contracted. This adjustment corrects the volume of air saturated with water vapor to body temperature to offset various spirometer temperatures
Calibration check
The periodic determination of a spirometers ability to make accurate measurements of volume and time… and flow if appropriate
Compliance
This affects the amount of pressure required to increase or decrease the volume of the lung. Lungs with emphysema have higher compliance and lungs with intestinal lung disease have low lung compliance
Elastic recoil
Is the ability of the lung to return to its resting state. The natural recall of elasticity of the lungs during expiration
End of test
The point during that forced expiratory maneuver when a plateau is reached
Expiratory Reserve volume also known as ERV
The maximal amount of air force really exhaled after a normal inspiration or expiration
FEF25-75%
Mid forced expiratory flow measured from the point at which 25% of the forced vital capacity is achieved to the point at which 75% of the forced vital capacity is achieved. Also called mid expiratory flow
FEV1 /FVC
Normally given as a percent or ratio. Forced expiratory volume measured in one second and expressed as a percent of the total Force vital capacity. It is the fraction of the total that is exhaled in the first second. It is the index of the speed of expiratory airflow, it is calculated by using the largest fev1 on the largest FVC even if they are not from the same curve. A low percent is associated with Airway obstruction
Flow spirometer
I type of spirometer that measures how fast the air moves in or out of the lungs. Flow spirometers are usually smaller than volume spirometers.
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second
The volume of air exhaled during the first second of a forced expiratory maneuver. It may also be considered the average flow during the first second of the fvc maneuver
Forced vital capacity
is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled forcefully after maximal inspiration. note that the vital capacity is the amount of air that can be exhaled by an individual after taking the deepest breath possible, whether or not the air is exhaled forcefully(fvc) or slowly (vc)
Inspiratory Reserve volume
the maximal amount of air force inhaled after a normal inhalation
LLN
the lower limit of normal is the value below which only 5% of a normal reference population should have observed values. the specific value of the lln is dependent on the study population and the methods used to derive the reference values. llns should be available from the reference value source
Longitudinal studies
data collected from the same individual or group at regular intervals over an extended period of time. the values of a current tests are compared to the individuals or groups previous test results
Nomogram
a diagram representing the relations between three or more variable quantities by means of a number of scales, so arranged that the value of one variable can be found geometrically
Obstructive lung disease
diseases that reduce flow from the lungs. these diseases include asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
Predicted normal values
expected values for various lung volumes and flow rates derive from healthy, non-smoking populations. the values are adjusted for gender, age, height, and race
Pulmonary function technician
means a person who
has Pastor has been approved by the director of Medical Services as having done the equivalent of passing a pulmonary function technician course approved by the director of medical services and
if so required by a director of Medical Services, has passed a requalification exam approved by such a director director
Pulmonary function technician
means a person who
has Pastor has been approved by the director of Medical Services as having done the equivalent of passing a pulmonary function technician course approved by the director of medical services and
if so required by a director of Medical Services, has passed a requalification exam approved by such a director
Residual volume
the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a complete exhalation. This cannot be measured by spirometry
Restrictive lung diseases
diseases that reduce the ability of the lungs to expand fully but do not necessarily affect air flow. Asbestos and silicosis are two of the most common occupationally cause restrictive diseases, they are caused by the development of fibrotic tissue in the lungs
Spirogram
a single tracing or graphic recording of breathing Maneuvers. Given as volume over time or flow over volume tracings depending on the type of spirometer used
Spirometer
an instrument for measuring lung volumes and flow rates. The two primary types are volume sensing and flow sensing spirometers
Synergism
the combined effects of two or more substances when the sum is greater than the effects of each substance added together
Tidal volume
the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet normal breathing
Total lung capacity
the sum of tidal volume, the inspiratory reserve volume, the expiratory reserve volume, and the residual volume
Vital capacity
the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after the fullest inhalation possible. the sum of tidal volume, expiratory Reserve volume, and inspiratory Reserve volume. this can be measured either during inhalation or exhalation
Volume spirometer
a type of spirometer that recordes the amount of air inhaled or exhaled within a certain
Zero time point
Is the measurement of the fev1, the point selected at the start of the test and it came during back extrapolation
