Glossary

Question 1

Acceptable spirogram

Answer 1

A forced expiratory maneuver, after a maximal inhalation, that is free from hesitation or false starts, early termination, variable effort or baseline errors. Three acceptable maneuvers should be obtained.

Question 2

Airflow resistance

Answer 2

The degree of was with which air can pass through airways. The number, length and diameter of the airways determine the amount of resistance that exists.

Question 3

Algorithm

Answer 3

A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.

Question 4

ATS

Answer 4

The American Thoracic Society promotes the improvement of spirometry through the application of their recommendations.

Question 5

ATPS

Answer 5

Ambient Temperature and Pressure Saturated with water vapour. Volumes measured directly from the spirogram of a volume-type spirometer are at ATPS.

Question 6

Back Extrapolation

Answer 6

Method for determining zero time from a spirogram, which is important when the exact starting point of a forced expiratory maneuver is not obvious.

Question 7

Best Curve

Answer 7

An acceptable spirogram that has the largest sum of the FEV1 and the FVC measurements.

Question 8

Btps

Answer 8

Body temperature and pressure saturated with water vapor. A volume of gas will shrink when cooled. The volume of air exhaled into a spirometer from the lungs will contract because the lungs are warmer than the spirometer. Therefore it is necessary to adjust the recorded volumes with a btps conversion factor to determine the actual volume of air exhaled before it’s contracted. This adjustment corrects the volume of air saturated with water vapor to body temperature to offset various spirometer temperatures

Question 9

Calibration check

Answer 9

The periodic determination of a spirometers ability to make accurate measurements of volume and time… and flow if appropriate

Question 10

Compliance

Answer 10

This affects the amount of pressure required to increase or decrease the volume of the lung. Lungs with emphysema have higher compliance and lungs with intestinal lung disease have low lung compliance

Question 11

Elastic recoil

Answer 11

Is the ability of the lung to return to its resting state. The natural recall of elasticity of the lungs during expiration

Question 12

End of test

Answer 12

The point during that forced expiratory maneuver when a plateau is reached

Question 13

Expiratory Reserve volume also known as ERV

Answer 13

The maximal amount of air force really exhaled after a normal inspiration or expiration

Question 14

FEF25-75%

Answer 14

Mid forced expiratory flow measured from the point at which 25% of the forced vital capacity is achieved to the point at which 75% of the forced vital capacity is achieved. Also called mid expiratory flow

Question 15

FEV1 /FVC

Answer 15

Normally given as a percent or ratio. Forced expiratory volume measured in one second and expressed as a percent of the total Force vital capacity. It is the fraction of the total that is exhaled in the first second. It is the index of the speed of expiratory airflow, it is calculated by using the largest fev1 on the largest FVC even if they are not from the same curve. A low percent is associated with Airway obstruction

Question 16

Flow spirometer

Answer 16

I type of spirometer that measures how fast the air moves in or out of the lungs. Flow spirometers are usually smaller than volume spirometers.

Question 17

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second

Answer 17

The volume of air exhaled during the first second of a forced expiratory maneuver. It may also be considered the average flow during the first second of the fvc maneuver

Question 18

Forced vital capacity

Answer 18

is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled forcefully after maximal inspiration. note that the vital capacity is the amount of air that can be exhaled by an individual after taking the deepest breath possible, whether or not the air is exhaled forcefully(fvc) or slowly (vc)

Question 19

Inspiratory Reserve volume

Answer 19

the maximal amount of air force inhaled after a normal inhalation

Question 20

LLN

Answer 20

the lower limit of normal is the value below which only 5% of a normal reference population should have observed values. the specific value of the lln is dependent on the study population and the methods used to derive the reference values. llns should be available from the reference value source

Question 21

Longitudinal studies

Answer 21

data collected from the same individual or group at regular intervals over an extended period of time. the values of a current tests are compared to the individuals or groups previous test results

Question 22

Nomogram

Answer 22

a diagram representing the relations between three or more variable quantities by means of a number of scales, so arranged that the value of one variable can be found geometrically

Question 23

Obstructive lung disease

Answer 23

diseases that reduce flow from the lungs. these diseases include asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema

Question 24

Predicted normal values

Answer 24

expected values for various lung volumes and flow rates derive from healthy, non-smoking populations. the values are adjusted for gender, age, height, and race

Question 25

Pulmonary function technician

Answer 25

means a person who
has Pastor has been approved by the director of Medical Services as having done the equivalent of passing a pulmonary function technician course approved by the director of medical services and
if so required by a director of Medical Services, has passed a requalification exam approved by such a director director

Question 26

Pulmonary function technician

Answer 26

means a person who
has Pastor has been approved by the director of Medical Services as having done the equivalent of passing a pulmonary function technician course approved by the director of medical services and
if so required by a director of Medical Services, has passed a requalification exam approved by such a director

Question 27

Residual volume

Answer 27

the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a complete exhalation. This cannot be measured by spirometry

Question 28

Restrictive lung diseases

Answer 28

diseases that reduce the ability of the lungs to expand fully but do not necessarily affect air flow. Asbestos and silicosis are two of the most common occupationally cause restrictive diseases, they are caused by the development of fibrotic tissue in the lungs

Question 29

Spirogram

Answer 29

a single tracing or graphic recording of breathing Maneuvers. Given as volume over time or flow over volume tracings depending on the type of spirometer used

Question 30

Spirometer

Answer 30

an instrument for measuring lung volumes and flow rates. The two primary types are volume sensing and flow sensing spirometers

Question 31

Synergism

Answer 31

the combined effects of two or more substances when the sum is greater than the effects of each substance added together

Question 32

Tidal volume

Answer 32

the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during quiet normal breathing

Question 33

Total lung capacity

Answer 33

the sum of tidal volume, the inspiratory reserve volume, the expiratory reserve volume, and the residual volume

Question 34

Vital capacity

Answer 34

the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after the fullest inhalation possible. the sum of tidal volume, expiratory Reserve volume, and inspiratory Reserve volume. this can be measured either during inhalation or exhalation

Question 35

Volume spirometer

Answer 35

a type of spirometer that recordes the amount of air inhaled or exhaled within a certain

Question 36

Zero time point

Answer 36

Is the measurement of the fev1, the point selected at the start of the test and it came during back extrapolation