Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute uncertainty

A

The uncertainty of a measurement given as a fixed quantity

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2
Q

Absorption (fibre optics)

A

Where some of the energy of a fibre optic signal is absorbed by the material of the optical fibre

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3
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity

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4
Q

Accurate result

A

An accurate result is really close to the true answer

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5
Q

Alpha decay

A

A type of decay in which an unstable nucleus of an atom emits an alpha particle.

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6
Q

Alpha particle

A

A particle made up of two protons and two neutrons

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7
Q

Ammeter

A

A component used to measure the current flowing through a circuit

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8
Q

Amplitude

A

The maximum displacement of a wave, i.e. The distance from the undisturbed position to a crest or trough

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9
Q

Angle of incidence

A

The angle that incoming light makes with the normal of a boundary

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10
Q

Angle of refraction

A

The angle that refracted light makes with the normal of a boundary

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11
Q

Annihilation

A

The process by which a particle and its antiparticle meet and their mass gets converted to energy in the form of a pair of gamma ray photons

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12
Q

Anomalous result

A

A result that doesn’t fit in with the pattern of the other results in a set of data

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13
Q

Antimatter

A

The name given to all antiparticles

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14
Q

Anti neutrino

A

Antiparticle of a neutrino

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15
Q

Antineutron

A

Antiparticle of a neutron

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16
Q

Antinode

A

A point of maximum amplitude on a stationary wave

17
Q

Antiparticle

A

A particle with the same rest mass and energy as its corresponding particle, but equal and opposite charge

18
Q

Antiproton

A

The antiparticle of a proton

19
Q

Atom

A

A particle made up of protons and neutrons in a central nucleus, and electrons orbiting the nucleus

20
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in an atom of an element

21
Q

Average velocity

A

The change in displacement of an object divided by the time taken

22
Q

Baryon

A

A type of hadron made up of three quarks. For example, protons and neutrons

23
Q

Baryon number

A

The number of baryons in a particle

24
Q

Beta-minus decay

A

A type of decay in which an unstable nucleus of an atom emits a beta-minus particle (electron) and an antineutrino

25
Beta-plus decay
A type of decay in which an unstable nucleus of an atom emits a beta-plus particle (positron) and a neutrino
26
Breaking stress
The lowest stress that's big enough to break a material
27
Brittle
A brittle material doesn't deform plastically, but snaps when the stress on it reaches a certain point
28
Brittle fracture
When a stress applied to a brittle material causes tiny cracks at the materials surface to get bigger until the material breaks completely
29
Categoric data
Data that can be sorted into categories
30
Absolute refractive index
The ratio between the speed of light in a vacuum and the speed of light in a material