Glossary

Question 1

what is the ABC model

Answer 1

Ellis’s explanation for how irrational thoughts affect behaviour
A - activating event
B - Beliefs
C - consequences

Question 2

what is agoraphobia

Answer 2

irrational fear of being outside or in a public place

Question 3

Whats avoidance

Answer 3

the act of staying away from something eg, the phobic object or situation

Question 4

Whats the Basal ganglia

Answer 4

regions of the brain involved in the coordination of movement that has been linked to OCD

Question 5

What are benzodiazepines

Answer 5

antianxiety drugs used to treat OCD as they have a quietening effect on the brain and reduce anxiety causes by obsessive thoughts

Question 6

what is bipolar depression

Answer 6

a condition where a person has periods of elevated mood (mania) as well as periods of depression

Question 7

What is catastrophising

Answer 7

a cognitive error where you exaggerate a minor setback and turn it into a major disaster

Question 8

What is CBT?

Answer 8

Cognitive behavioural therapy, commonly used and involves challenging and replacing irrational thoughts

Question 9

What is cognitive bias?

Answer 9

Error in thinking caused by simplified info processing

Question 10

What is compulsion?

Answer 10

An irresistible urge to behave in a certain way

Question 11

what is the COMT gene?

Answer 11

A gene with a variation that results in higher levels of dopamine and is more common in patients with OCD

Question 12

What is counter-conditioning?

Answer 12

Learning a new response to the phobic object/situation

Question 13

What is cultural-relativism?

Answer 13

the idea that cultural norms and values are culture specific and no-one culture is superior to another culture.

Question 14

What is deviation from ideal mental health?

Answer 14

not meeting criteria which suggest you are mentally healthy

Question 15

what is deviation from social norms?

Answer 15

A behaviour that deviates from social norms is one that is very different from how we would expect people to behave

Question 16

What is dopamine?

Answer 16

High levels of this NT have been associated with the compulsions shown by OCD patients

Question 17

What is the DSM-V?

Answer 17

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition is the standard classification of mental disorders used in the US

Question 18

what is empirical dispute?

Answer 18

REBT technique where the therapist seeks evidence for a person’s thoughts

Question 19

what is failure to function adequately?

Answer 19

when a persons behaviour means they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life

Question 20

what is fear hierarchy?

Answer 20

a list of situations related to the phobic object/situation arranged in order from lease to most frightening

Question 21

what is flooding - in vitro?

Answer 21

Behavioural treatment for a phobia which involves imagined exposure to the phobic object/situation without being able to escape

Question 22

what is flooding - in vivo?

Answer 22

Behavioural treatment for a phobia which involves actual exposure to the phobic object/situation without being able to escape

Question 23

what is highlight bias?

Answer 23

The way that social norms change over time

Question 24

what is ICD 10?

Answer 24

The 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, produced by the World Health Organisation

Question 25

What is logical dispute?

Answer 25

REBT Technique where the therapies disputes the logic of a person's thoughts

Question 26

What is negative self-schemas?

Answer 26

Negative information we hold about ourselves based on negative past experiences that can lead to cognitive biases

Question 27

What is negative triad?

Answer 27

Three types of negative thinking (self, the world and the future) that Beck suggested occur automatically in people who are depressed

Question 28

What is obsession?

Answer 28

An idea or thought that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person's mind.

Question 29

What is the orbitofrontal cortex?

Answer 29

A region of the brain which converts sensory information into thoughts and actions- higher activity has been found here in OCD patients

Question 30

What is overgeneralisation?

Answer 30

Cognitive error where you make a sweeping conclusion from a single incident

Question 31

What is REBT?

Answer 31

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy is a type of CBT based on Ellis's ABC model

Question 32

What is selective attention?

Answer 32

Focusing on one piece of information while ignoring other information viewed as irrelevant

Question 33

What is serotonin?

Answer 33

Neurotransmitter which regulates mood - lower levels are associated with OCD

Question 34

What is the SERT gene?

Answer 34

Gene which affects the transport of serotonin, causing lower levels of serotonin which is associated with OCD

Question 35

What is a simple or specific phobia?

Answer 35

Irrational fear of an object (e.g. spiders) or situation (e.g. flying)

Question 36

What is social norms?

Answer 36

The rules of behaviour that are considered acceptable in a group or society

Question 37

What is a social phobia?

Answer 37

Irrational fear of a social situation (e.g. speaking in public)

Question 38

What are SSRI's?

Answer 38

Antidepressant drugs used to treat OCD which work by preventing the re-absorption and breakdown of serotonin

Question 39

What is statistical infrequency?

Answer 39

A behaviour that is statistically infrequent does not happen very often

Question 40

What is systematic desensitisation?

Answer 40

A behaviour therapy designed to gradually reduce a phobia through the principle of classical conditioning

Question 41

What is the two-process model?

Answer 41

Behavioural explanation for phobias which suggests they are acquired through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning

Question 42

what is unipolar depression?

Answer 42

A major depressive episode that occurs without the manic phase