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Myco > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

hyphae that grow above or outward from the surface of an agar medium or substrate; the visible colony

A

Aerial Hyphae

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2
Q

a gelatinous substance used as a culture medium to grow microorganisms

A

Agar

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3
Q

a polysaccharide from seaweed extract (Genera Gelidium and Gracilaria) that costs of alternating B-D-galactose and 3, 6-anhydro-L-galactose units of agarobiose. It is used popularly medium for electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments. In general, the higher its concentration the smaller the pore size. Concentration ranges from 0.5% -2%.

A

Agarose

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4
Q

asexual (imperfect) state or form of a fungus.

A

Anamorph

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5
Q

this a step in PCR when the temperature is lowered to allow DNA primers to attach to a given DNA template. Temperature ranges from 50-56°C.

A

Annealing

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6
Q

a fungus that preferentially grows on human rather than animals or the soil. A dermatophyte where human/people is the primary reservoir

A

Anthropophilic

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7
Q

a conidium released by fragmentation or by separation that occurs at the septum of cells of hypha.

A

Arthroconidium
(pl. arthroconidia)

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8
Q

fruiting body within which asci form

A

Ascocarp

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9
Q

saclike cells where ascospores develop

A

Ascus
(pl. Asci)

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10
Q

hypha without crosswalls

A

Aseptate

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11
Q

antimicrobial that can kill a microorganism

A

Bactericidal

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12
Q

a virus that infects bacterial cells

A

Bacteriophage

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13
Q

an arrangement observed in Aspergillus spp. where a secondary phialide develops from a primary phialide, forming two series of phialides.

A

Biseriate

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14
Q

conidia formed by budding process along a hypha, pseuodhypha, or in a single cell, as seen in yeasts.

A

Blastoconidia

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15
Q

a nutrient-rich medium used to isolate fastidious fungi

A

Brain Heart Infusion

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16
Q

is a concentration of an antimicrobial that defines if the particular microbial species is susceptible or resistant to the antimicrobial. It is commonly expressed in μg/mL

A

Breakpoint

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17
Q

a liquid medium containing nutrients used to grow microorganisms

A

Broth

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18
Q

a type of asexual reproduction commonly found in yeasts. An oval shaped “push out” or outgrowth from a parent cell.

A

Bud

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19
Q

colorless dye that binds to chitin and cellulose of fungi that fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light

A

Calcofluor White

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20
Q

proteinaceous coat that protects the viral genome

A

Capsid

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21
Q

a hyaline mucopolysaccharide covering the cell body of certain yeasts (e.g.Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula) and some spores and conidia

A

Capsule

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22
Q

also known as chlamydospores, these are enlarged, thick-walled round conidia. These conidia can be present at the end of the hypha (terminal), on the sides (sessile) or in between the hypha (intercalary)

A

Chlamydoconidia

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23
Q

swollen, thick-walled resistant spore that do not reproduce

A

Chlamydospore

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24
Q

club-shaped

A

Clavate

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25
Q

hyphal structures without septa

A

Coenocytic

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26
Q

a remnant of a cell wall present at the tip of a phialide, or around a sporangiophores

A

Collarette

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27
Q

growth of an organism in a host without causing infection or tissue invasion

A

Colonization

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28
Q

the distinct characteristics of a microbial colony that are visibly observed on the surface of a nutrient medium

A

Colony Morphology

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29
Q

a sterile dome-like structure at the tip of a sporangiophore or within a sporangium

A

Columella
(pl. columellae)

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30
Q

a serologic procedure used to determine complement fixing antibody to fungal antigens

A

Complement Fixation

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31
Q

pertains to a type of growth on the agar surface wherein it is continuous, uniform, and the colonies are not discrete or separated; there should be no individual colonies growing on the surface

A

Confluent

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32
Q

the cell that gives rise to a conidium

A

Conidiogenous Cell

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33
Q

a reproductive propagule produced in the absence of nuclear recombination, thus representing anamorphic or asexual reproduction

A

Conidium

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34
Q

a specialized hypha that gives rise to or bears a conidium

A

Conidiophore

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35
Q

a method of propagating microorganisms by supporting their growth using culture media and controlled environmental conditions

A

Cultivation

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36
Q

distinct visible visual changes in the infected cells caused by a viral toxin or infection

A

Cytopathic Effect

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37
Q

an infection of cutaneous tissue (hair, skin and nails) caused by the keratinophilic fungi other than those of the dermatophytes

A

Dermatomycosis

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38
Q

a fungi that invades the keratinized part of hair, nail, and skin.

A

Dermatophyte

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39
Q

a fungus having brown or black melanotic pigment in the cell wall

A

Dematiaceous

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40
Q

this initial stage in PCR allows separation of the double-stranded DNA into two single strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds that exists between the nucleotide base pairs (bp). Temperature ranges from 94-95°C.

A

denaturation

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41
Q

fungi having two morphologic forms under different growth conditions

A

dimorphic

42
Q

elimination or reduction of microorganisms that may cause disease

A

Disinfection

43
Q

also known as molecular-weight size markers, this is a set of predetermined DNA fragment sizes from where unknown bands are compared to identify the approximate size and concentration of a DNA fragment after running gel electrophoresis.

A

DNA Ladder

44
Q

they represent the essential building blocks of nucleic acid molecules that are necessary components of PCR mixes during amplification, Four known types of are recognized, each with a unique DNA base: adenine (dATP), cytosine (dCTP), guanine (dGTP), and thymine (dTTP).

A

Deoxynucleotide triphosphates
(dNTPs)

45
Q

a disease which occurs in a limited geographic area.

A

Endemic

46
Q

chemically 3,8-Diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridinium, is a non- radioactive but carcinogenic DNA stain. Distinct red-orange fluorescence under UV light suggests the presence of ds-DNA.

A

Ethidium Bromide (EtBr)

47
Q

agent causing the infection or disease

A

Etiologic Agent

48
Q

this is a step in PCR when the temperature is increased and the new DNA strand is formed through the action of Taq polymerase. Temperature is usually set at 72°C.

A

Extension

49
Q

a property wherein a particle is able to pass through a membrane filter that will prevent the transmission of bacteria

A

Filterable

50
Q

synonymous with cottony or wooly. Type of texture formed by large quantities of aerial hyphae usually arranged in a tangled manner

A

Floccose

51
Q

aka 5 primers, these are PCR primers that are complementary to the anti-sense strand of ds-DNA and therefore responsible for its amplification. It occurs at the 5’ end of the PCR product. Primarily, it anneals to the antisense strand or negative strand of the double-stranded DNA, which runs from 3 to 5 direction. Antisense strand or the coding strand serves as the template strand for the synthesis of mRNA.

A

Forward Primer

52
Q

is the presence of fungi in the blood. The most common agent is Candida albicans

A

Fungemia

53
Q

capable of inhibiting the growth of fungi

A

Fungicidal

54
Q

refers to the range of different inherited traits within a species

A

Genetic Diversity

55
Q

Soil-seeking, earth-loving. A dermatophyte having soil as its primary reservoir.

A

Geophilic

56
Q

an elongated or tube-like structure that emerges from a spore, with no constriction at the point of origin. Its presence can be used to presumptively identify the presence of
Candida albicans.

A

Germ Tube

57
Q

biological agents that can potentially cause harm to humans and animals when exposed

A

Hazards

58
Q

adherence of red blood cells on a virally infected cell culture

A

Hemadsoprtion

59
Q

a mechanical filter that is capable of trapping and removing particles and microorganisms from the air

A

High Efficiency Particulate Air
(HEPA)

60
Q

a member of the human Herpesviridae family that can cause oral and genital infections

A

Human Simplex Virus (HSV)

61
Q

microscopic structures are clear or colorless.

A

Hyaline

62
Q

A vegetative filament of a fungus.

A

Hypha
(pl. Hypahe)

63
Q

A serologic test based on precipitation reaction to determine the presence of antibody to fungal antigen by double diffusion technique in gel medium.

A

Immunodiffusion

64
Q

refers to a person’s complete set of chromosomes

A

Karyotype

65
Q

A simple serologic procedure wherein the antibody formed following a fungal disease is detected through the clumping of antigen coated particles.

A

Latex Agglutination

66
Q

are commercially available or laboratory prepared solutions used to standardize the approximate amount of bacteria or fungi in a liquid suspension. Standardization is done by either visual or spectrophotometric comparison of the turbidity of the bacterial or fungal suspension to the standard. If the turbidity is the same, the suspension is said to be standardized. A commonly used concentration of the standard in clinical microbiology is the 0.5, wherein its turbid corresponds to approximately 1.5 x 10 cfu/ml

A

McFarland Standard

67
Q

this is the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that inhibits the visible growth of a bacteria or fungi. It is usually expressed in pg/ml

A

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

68
Q

aka. candidiasis, a fungal infection caused by a yeast, Candida albicans

A

Moniliasis

69
Q

fungal colonies composed of hyphae

A

Mold

70
Q

same definition as hyaline

A

Moniliaceous

71
Q

like a wall; multicellular, with both transverse and longitudinal septations

A

Muriform

72
Q

colony with hyphae that do not produce conidia or spores

A

Mycelia Sterilia

73
Q

the mass of hyphae making up a fungus colony.

A

Mycelium

74
Q

pertaining to fungi

A

Mycotic

75
Q

a clear zone of lysis due to successive infection of host cells by a virus

A

Plaque

76
Q

is defined as the presence of two or more variant forms of a specific DNA sequence that happen among different individuals or populations. SNP or single nucleotide polymorphism is the
most common type.

A

Polymorphism

77
Q

a general purpose basal medium made from potato infusion and dextrose used to isolate yeasts and molds

A

Potato Dextrose Agar

78
Q

set of media inoculated from the specimen

A

Primary Culture

79
Q

referring to the surface

A

Obverse

80
Q

place where the fungus is found in nature.

A

Reservoir

81
Q

the microbe is able to grow in the presence of a particular antimicrobial

A

Resistant

82
Q

aka 3’ primers, these primers are complementary to the sense or the (+) strand of the ds-DNA and therefore responsible for its amplification. It occurs at the 3’ end of the PCR product. Primarily, it anneals to the sense strand or positive strand of the double-stranded DNA, which runs from 5’ to 3’ direction. The sense strand is complementary to the template strand and therefore, it is known as the anticoding strand.

A

Reverse Primer

83
Q

rootlike structures that anchors the fungus to the substrate and also utilized in the absorption
of nutrients

A

Rhizoids

84
Q

a culture medium primarily used for fungal cultivation and isolation of dermatophytes

A

Saboraud Dextrose Agar

85
Q

an organism which requires organic material as a source of energy.

A

saprobe

86
Q

the ability to detect all patients with a specific disease.

A

Sensitivity

87
Q

having cross walls or partitions

A

Septate

88
Q

a reproductive propagule produced internally by “free cell” formation, as in the ascomycete, i.e., complete spores formed all at once around the nuclei available or by “progressive cleavage,” as in a sporangium.

A

Spore

89
Q

destruction of all life forms, including the bacterial spores

A

Sterilization

90
Q

a horizontal hypha from which hyphae, rhizoids or sporangiophore develop

A

Stolon

91
Q

material on which the fungus is growing

A

Substrate

92
Q

or also known as sensitive. The microbe is unable to grow in the presence of a particular antimicrobial

A

Susceptible

93
Q

thermostable DNA polymerase used during PCR amplification. It can withstand high temperature without being denatured. It is extremely heat resistant with a half-life of 40 minutes at 95 °C. It is derived from a heat-tolerant bacterium, Thermus aquaticus.

A

Taq Polymerase
(Taq Pol)

94
Q

used to preserve the integrity of the specimen from the time of collection up to the laboratory processing

A

Transport Medium

95
Q

equipment used to visualize target DNAs and proteins by emitting high levels of ultraviolet rays through the viewing surface

A

UV Transilluminator

96
Q

a human herpes virus that can cause the highly contagious chickenpox

A

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

97
Q

capable of inactivating or destroy viruses

A

Virucidal

98
Q

predominantly a unicellular fungus, usually round or ovoid, that reproduces by budding

A

Yeast

99
Q

a culture medium that is useful for yeast identification made from peptone and yeast extract lo base

A

Yeast Fermentation Broth

100
Q

a circular area surrounding the antibiotic disk showing no visible growth of the inoculum

A

Zone of Inhibition

Myco (3 decks)

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