Glossary Flashcards
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A high energy molecule stored in muscle cells and other parts of the body that supplies energy for biological work (muscular contractions) via the catabolism (breakdown) of ATP.
ATP consists of a single adenosine molecule and a chain of three inorganic phosphate groups bound by high energy bonds.
Adenosine Diphosphate
A by-product that results when ATP breaks down and loses one of its phosphate groups at the end of the molecule.
Creatine Phosphate
A chemical compound found in muscle cells that is capable of storing and releasing energy that can be used to resynthesise ATP from ADP + Pi.
Carbohydrates (CHOs)
Naturally occurring compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Glucose
Simplest form of carbohydrate and the basic ingredient for anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis.
Glycogen
Storage form of glucose found in the muscles and in larger quantities in the liver.
Fats
Essential component of a balanced diet and should comprise about 20-25 % of daily food intake.
Free Fatty Acids (FFAs)
Broken-down transportable form of fats.
Triglycerides
Stored form of fats found in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle
Protein
Allows for muscle growth and repair, fights disease, helps chemical reactions and transports materials.
Amino Acids
Building blocks of protein. Protein is broken down through the process of digestion into amino acids.
ATP Demand
How much ATP is required during an activity and the rate at which it is expended and, therefore, needs to be resynthesised.
Rate
How quickly ATP is resynthesised. Proportionate to intensity.
Yield
Total amount of ATP that is resynthesised during an exercise bout. Proportional to duration.
ATP-CP System
Provides energy for resynthesis of ATP through breakdown of Creatine Phosphate (CP) without presence of oxygen.
Fatigue
Physical and/or mental lethargy or exhaustion triggered by stress, exercise, overwork, illness or disease.
Recovery
Overcoming or reversal of fatigue experienced as the result of participation in a training session or some form of exercise bout, where body systems repair damaged tissue and replenish energy stores.
Anaerobic Glycolysis Systsem
Provides energy for the resynthesis of ATP through the breakdown of glycoge through a series of chemical reactions without the presence of oxygen.
Metabolic By-Product
Substance produced as a result of chemical reactions within the body associated with the production of energy for ATP resynthesis.
Active Recovery
Low intensity (60-70% MHR) activity completed at the end of an exercise session that allows the body to recover by maintaining elevated blood flow to the muscles and preventing venous pooling, gradually returning the body to its resting physiological state.
Aerobic System
Provides energy for the resynthesis of ATP through the breakdown of various energy fuels (mainly glycogen and triglycerides) through a series of chemical reactions that require oxygen.
Glycolysis
Breakdown of glycogen into glucose.
Liolysis
Breakdown of triglycerides into free free fatty acids and glycerol within muscles.
Hitting the Wall
Term used to describe the depletion of glycogen stores in the muscle and liver.
Interplay of Energy Systems
Refers to the energy systems working together, but at different rates, to supply the ATP required for an activity.
Lactate Inflection Point (LIP)
Represents the highest intensity point at which there is a balance between lactate production and removal from blood.
Oxygen Deficit
The state in which there is a shortfall between oxygen supply and demand.
Steady State
The state in which oxygen supply equals oxygen demand.
Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)
The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery after the conclusion of an exercise bout that is over and above the amount usually required during rest.
Phosphorylation
The biomechanical process involving the addition of a phosphate group to an organic compound of molecule. In terms of energy systems it involves the addition of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.
