Glossary Flashcards
Data with only two distinct values, often representing yes/no or true/false.
Binary data
Data consisting of whole numbers without fractions or decimals.
Integer data
Data including both integers and numbers with fractions or decimals.
Real numbers data
A scale categorizing data into distinct categories without inherent order.
Nominal scale
A scale categorizing data into distinct categories with implied ranking.
Ordinal scale
A scale measuring data with equal intervals but lacking a true zero point.
Interval scale
A scale measuring data with equal intervals and a true zero point.
Ratio scale
A measure accurately assessing the intended concept or property in research.
Valid measure
A measure consistently yielding similar results upon repeated testing.
Reliable measure
Research collecting data from a sample at a single point in time.
Cross-sectional research
Research collecting data from the same individuals/groups over an extended period.
Longitudinal research
Research comparing measurements within the same group or subjects.
Within-group design
Research comparing measurements between different groups or subjects.
Between-group design
Research involving observing and describing phenomena without direct manipulation.
Observational research
Research involving manipulating independent variables to study their effects.
Experimental research
Research resembling experimental designs but with limited control over variables.
Quasi-experimental research
A sample representing the entire population of interest.
Population-based sample
A sample chosen for ease of access, not necessarily representative.
Convenience sample
A group meeting specific criteria or conditions for inclusion in a study.
Stratisfied sample
Systematic distortion of sample results due to non-random participant selection.
Sampling bias
A specific inquiry addressed in a research study.
Research question
Testable statements or predictions about variable relationships in research.
Hypothesis
Manipulated variable in an experiment, affecting the dependent variable.
Independent variable