Glossary Flashcards

Question

E3

Answer 1

The European version of the T3 line. It uses the equivalent of 16 E1 lines, so the speed is 34.368 Mbps.

Answer 2

A controlled private network that allows access to partners, vendors, and suppliers or an authorized set of customers. Some examples of this type of network usage include exchanging large volumes of data with partners, collaborating with other organizations on joint development efforts, and providing or accessing services provided by one company to a group of other companies, such as an online banking application managed by one company on behalf of affiliated banks.

Answer 3

Also known as fiber optic cable, is an assembly similar to an electrical cable, but containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed.

Answer 4

A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network, such as the Internet.

Answer 5

A network node equipped for interfacing with another network that uses different protocols. A gateway can operate at any network layer. The activities of a gateway are more complex than that of the router or switch as it communicates using more than one protocol.

Answer 6

A text file that maps hostnames to IP addresses.

Answer 7

A network hardware device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment. It has multiple I/O ports, in which a signal introduced at the input of any port appears at the output of every port except the original incoming. A hub works at the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model.

Answer 8

The global system of interconnected computer networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.

Answer 9

A private network accessible only to an organization's users. This type of network is used to deliver tools such as collaborations, corporate directories, sales and customer relationship management tools, product management, etc.

Answer 10

A console application that displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and can modify DHCP and DNS settings.

Answer 11

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth version of IP. It is one of the core protocols of standards-based internetworking methods in the internet and was the first version deployed for production in the ARPANET in 1983. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses which limits the address space to 4,294,967,296 addresses.

Answer 12

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of IP, the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address, theoretically allowing approximately 3.4×10^38 addresses.

Answer 13

A text file that maps IP addresses to NetBIOS names of remote servers under Windows when other methods, such as WINS, fail.

Answer 14

Programmed within a switch to store the hardware addresses of devices that connect to each switch port.

Answer 15

Has one or more ways to modify the configuration of the switch. These ways include: a CLI accessed via serial console, telnet, or Secure Shell, an embedded SNMP agent allowing management from a remote console or management station, or a web interface for management from a web browser.

Answer 16

A local network topology in which the infrastructure nodes (such as bridges, switches and other infrastructure devices) connect directly, dynamically, and nonhierarchically to as many other nodes as possible and cooperate with one another to route data from/to clients efficiently.

Answer 17

Mail exchanger record (MX Record) is a type of certified and verified resource record in the DNS that specifies a mail server responsible for accepting email messages on behalf of a recipient's domain, and a preference value used to prioritize mail delivery if multiple mail servers are available.

Answer 18

Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method of remapping one IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of the packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.

Answer 19

Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS) is a program that allows applications on different computers to communicate within a LAN. It provides name service for name registration and resolution, datagram distribution service for connectionless communication, and session service for connection-oriented communication.

Answer 20

A command-line network utility tool that displays network connections for the TCP (both incoming and outgoing), routing tables, and a number of network interface (network interface controller or software-defined network interface) and network protocol statistics.

Answer 21

Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI Model) is a conceptual framework that characterizes the communication functions of a computing system. The model uses seven layers to help give a visual description of what is going on with a particular networking system. It consists of the following layers: Layer 1: Physical Layer 2: Data-link Layer 3: Network Layer 4: Transport Layer 5: Session Layer 6: Presentation Layer 7: Application

Answer 22

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for IP networks. It uses a LSR algorithm and falls into the group of IGPs, operating within a single AS.

Answer 23

Point-to-Point (P2P) wireless allows two devices to establish a direct Wi-Fi connection without requiring a wireless router and can be used from a short-range link connecting two neighboring buildings or two locations miles apart. Distance is affected by the height of each radio device, the frequency used, power level, and environmental interference.

Answer 24

A network utility supplied in Windows NT and beyond that combines the functionality of ping with that of tracert and provides details of the path between two hosts and ping-like statistics for each node in the path based on samples taken over a time period, depending on how many nodes are between the start and end host.

Answer 25

A computer network administration software utility used to test the reachability of a host on an IP network. It measures the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer that are echoed back to the source.

Answer 26

Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a protocol that allows organizations to extend their own network through private tunnels over the public Internet.

Answer 27

Pointer Record (PTR) is a pointer to a canonical name. Unlike a CNAME, DNS processing stops and just the name is returned. The most common use is for implementing reverse DNS lookups.

Answer 28

Quality of Service (QoS) is the description or measurement of the overall performance of a service in a computer network or a cloud computing service, particularly the performance seen by the users of the network.

Answer 29

A network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node, a ring. Data travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet.

Answer 30

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is one of the oldest distance-vector routing protocols which employ the hop count as a routing metric. RIP prevents routing loops by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path from source to destination. The largest number of hops allowed for RIP is 15, which limits the size of networks that RIP can support.

Answer 31

A modular connector commonly used to terminate twisted-pair telephone wire. They are used to establish a bridged connection for one telephone line.

Answer 32

A modular connector commonly used to terminate twisted-pair and multiconductor flat cable. These connectors are commonly used for Ethernet over twisted-pair, registered jacks, and other telephone applications, RS-232 serial, and other applications involving unshielded twisted-pair, shielded twisted pair, and multiconductor flat cable.

Answer 33

Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) is a DSL that transmits digital data over the copper wires of the telephone network, where the bandwidth in the downstream direction, from the network to the subscriber, is identical to the bandwidth in the upstream direction, from the subscriber to the network. This symmetric bandwidth can be considered to be the opposite of the asymmetric bandwidth offered by ADSL technologies, where the upstream bandwidth is lower than the downstream bandwidth.

Answer 34

One of the most common computer network topologies. In its simplest form, a star network consists of one central hub which acts as a conduit to transmit messages. Every host is connected to a central hub.

Answer 35

A form of routing that occurs when a router uses a manually configured routing entry, rather than information from a dynamic routing traffic.

Answer 36

Shielded twisted-pair (STP) cables are the same as UTP cables but with shielding within the cable housing to protect against EMI and electro-magnetic interference.

Answer 37

The bitmask that when applied by a bitwise and operation to any IP address in the network, yields the routing prefix.

Answer 38

Dividing a network into two or more networks.

Answer 39

A computer networking device that connects devices together on a computer network by using packet switching to receive, process, and forward data to the destination device. A network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses hardware addresses to process and forward data at the data-link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Some switches can also process data at the network layer (layer 3) by additionally incorporating routing functionality. Such switches are commonly known as layer-3 switches or multilayer switches.

Answer 40

A data line that usually consists of two pairs of wired copper cable that can transmit data or voice. The connection uses DS1, Digital Signal 1 signals while the channels themselves use DS0, Digital Signal 0 signals. A full T1 line uses 24 channels, which, multiplied by 64 Kbps each = 1.536 Mbps. Add 8 bits of data extra resulting in 1.544 Mbps speed for a T1 line.

Answer 41

A much faster T1 connection in that it uses the equivalent of 28 T1 lines for a speed of 44.736 Mbps. T3 lines use a signal called DS3, Digital Signal 3, and the line is usually delivered over fiber optic cable.

Answer 42

The conceptual model that consists of 4 layers and provides end-to-end data communication specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received. Unlike the OSI model, the layers in this model are considered less rigid which means that many protocols implemented can be considered in gray areas between one area and another. The layers in this model are; Layer 1: Link, Layer 2: Internet, Layer 3: Transport, Layer 4: Application.

Answer 43

A protocol used on the Internet or local area network to provide bidirectional, interactive, textoriented communication facility using a virtual terminal connection. Telnet runs on port 23.

Answer 44

Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) is a wireless network security protocol that features boosted encryption strength, 48-bit sequencing number assignments to each data packet, 128-bit encryption keys, and 64-bit authentication keys.

Answer 45

A computer network diagnostic tool for displaying the route path and measuring transit delays of packets across an IP network. The history of the route is recorded as the round-trip times of the packets received from each successive host (remote node) in the route path; the sum of the mean times in each hop is a measure of the total time spent to establish the connection.

Answer 46

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a protocol used by computer applications to send messages, in this case referred to as datagrams, to other hosts on an IP network.

Answer 47

A switch with no configuration interface. Unmanaged switches are plug and play and are typically the least expensive switches.

Answer 48

Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cables are found in many Ethernet networks and telephone systems. UTP is often grouped into sets of 25 pairs according to a standard 25-pair color code and are not copper shielded.

Answer 49

Responsible for providing connectivity both VM-to-VM (between VMs) and between VMs and the outside network.

Answer 50

Virtual local area network (VLAN) is any broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data-link layer (OSI layer 2).

Answer 51

Virtual private network (VPN) extends a private network across a public network, and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network.

Answer 52

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is a standard network protocol that adds security to wireless networks. It was designed to give wireless networks the equivalent level of privacy and security protection as a wired network. WEP supports encryption keys of 40 bits plus 24 additional bits of system-generated data, equaling 64 bits of total length.

Answer 53

Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) is a name server and service for Microsoft Windows and is implemented in two parts: a server service and a TCP/IP client component. The server service manages the embedded Jet Database, server to server replication, service requests, and conflicts. The TCP/IP client component manages client registration, renewal of names, and queries.

Answer 54

A technique to link together different networks in multiple buildings in one company or organization through an extension of a wireless mesh, utilizing both hardware and network protocol support. Typically, this is accomplished using outdoor wireless links such as communication antennas or dishes.

Answer 55

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a security technology for wireless networks. It provides stronger encryption than WEP through use of either of two standard technologies: TKIP and AES.

Answer 56

Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) is a security method added to WPA for wireless networks that provides stronger data protection and network access control. It provides government grade security by implementing the AES encryption algorithm.