Glossary Flashcards
1
Q
abrasion
A
A wound caused by rubbing or scraping the skin or mucous membrane
2
Q
acid-base balance
A
a state of equilibrium between the acidity and alkalinity of body fluids. Types of imbalances are acidosis and alkalosis.
3
Q
acidosis
A
A physiological condition resulting from an accumulation of acid, or loss of base in the body
4
Q
acute
A
of short duration (minutes to hours)
5
Q
adaptation
A
the behavioural and physiological adjustment of an organism to changing environmental conditions
6
Q
adrenal gland
A
pair of endocrine organs
near the cranial pole of the kidneys
produces and releases hormones
7
Q
what are 3 hormones the adrenal gland produces
A
adrenaline (epinephrine)
noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
cortisol
8
Q
adranalin
A
a “stress” hormone produced by the adrenal gland. aka epinephrine
9
Q
agonist
A
a drug that produces a physiological effect
10
Q
alar fold
A
a fold of skin and cartilage that supports the rim of the nostril of some animals
11
Q
alpha2 agonist
A
a sedative type drug which induces sedation by binding to alpha 2 receptors in the brain.
12
Q
what are two drugs that are alpha2 agonists
A
xylazine
medetomidine
13
Q
what are alpha2 receptors
A
receptors in the brain to which sedatives bind to cause sedation and relaxation
14
Q
amnesia
A
loss or impairment of memory
15
Q
analgesia
A
loss of sensitivity to pain
16
Q
anatomy
A
the science dealing with the form and structure of living organisms
17
Q
anesthesia
A
the loss of feeling or sensation in all or part of the body
18
Q
anesthetic
A
a drug or agent that induces either a local loss of sensation (local anesthetic) or unconsciousness and generalized loss of sensation throughout the body (general anesthetic)
19
Q
anoxia
A
the absence of oxygen e.g. in the tissues
20
Q
antagonist
A
drug which reverses the action of an immobilizing agonist drug
21
Q
anterior
A
towards the front
22
Q
anthelmintic
A
a substance that kills helminth parasites
23
Q
What is one anthelmintic drug
A
ivermectin
24
Q
antibiotic
A
a substance that destroys or prevents the growth of microorganisms and is used to treat bacterial infections
25
anitemetic
a drug that reduces or eliminates nausea and vomiting
26
antiseptic
a substance applied to skin or living tissue to destroy microorganisms or prevent their growth
27
what is one commercially avialable antiseptic
Hibitane
28
anxiolytic
drug that reduces or eliminates anxiety
29
apnea
temporary cessation of breathing
30
What do all approved veterinary drugs have on their label
DIN - drug identification number
31
two types of physiological arrest
cardiac arrest - sudden stoppage of the beating of the heart
respiratory arrest - sudden stoppage of respiratory movement
32
arrhythmia
irregular heart beat
33
aseptic
the complete absence of bacteria, fungi, viruses or other microorganisms
34
aspiration
taking in of fluid or foreign material into air passages
35
taxia
failure of muscular coordination e.g. staggering
36
autoclave
self-locking apparatus for the sterilization of materials by steam under pressure
37
autonomic nervous system - give examples of
the branch of the nervous system that works without conscious control
e.g. cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
38
barbituates - give one example
a group of controlled anesthetic drugs derived from barbituric acid, which are used as euthanasia agents. e.g. pentobarbitone
39
benzodiazepine
a family of sedatives having a common chemical structure (benzodiazepine ring)
40
bile
produced by
where stored
released to
function
a clear yellow or orange fluid produced by the liver.
stored and concentrated in the gall bladder
released into small intestine via bile ducts to aid in digestion
41
biopsy
the removal of a small piece of tissue to determine a disease process or to sample DNA
42
bloat
distension of the abdomen from gas in the stomach or rumen.
43
bovid
member of the cattle family (Bovidae)
44
bradycardia
slowness of the heard beat
45
broad spectrum
active against a wide range of, for example, microorganisms
46
buffer
what does it do
what is are important buffers in blood
a substance that, by its presence in solution, increases the amount of acid or alkali necessary to produce a unit change in pH.
Salts containing bicarbonate [HCO3-] are important buffers in blood
47
Butyrophenone
give one example
a family of tranquilizer drugs that have a common chemical structure and action
e.g. azaperone
48
canid
member of the dog family (Canidae)
49
capillaries
minute vessels that connect arterioles and venules
50
capillary refill time
what is it used to measure
where is it determined
the amount of time required for blood to return to capillaries that have been squeezed empty by digital pressure.
Used as a crude measure of blood pressure.
Usually performed on mucous membranes
51
cardiac output
the volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit time
52
cardiac sphincter
a circular muscle that constricts the passage between the distal end of the esophagus and the stomach.
When relaxed, the sphincter allows materials to pass through the opening.
53
CPR
definition
basic steps
CardioPulmonary Resuscitation
the re-establishment of heart and lung activity.
Airway - Breathing - Circulation
54
cardiovascular system
the heart and blood vessels
55
catalepsy
a condition of diminished responsiveness, usually characterized by a trance-like state and muscle rigidity
56
catatonia
a state of apparent unresponsiveness to external stimuli in an animal that appears to be awake
57
Catecholamines
give two examples
a group of physiologically active compounds
Includes adrenaline and noradrenaline
Play an important role in the body's response to stress
58
central nervous system
the brain and spinal cord
59
cervical
pertaining to the neck
60
cervid
member of the deer family (Cervidae)
61
chronic
of long duration (weeks to months)
62
concentration
the ration of the mass of a drug to the volume of the solution
63
concussion
the condition that results from a violent jar or shock to the brain or spinal cord
64
conduction
the conveyance of energy (or heat) from one material to another
65
contusion
injury to tissues without the breakage of ski; a bruise
66
convectin
the transmission of heat in a liquid by circulation of heated particles
67
convulsion
a series of involuntary contractions of the voluntary muscles
68
cornea
the clear anterior portion of the eye.
69
corneal
pertaining to the cornea, or clear anterior portion of the eye
70
corticosteroids
any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, as well as their synthetic equivalents
71
cortisol
a hormone (corticosteroid) from the adrenal cortex that plays an important role in the body's physiological response to stress
72
cyanosis
a bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by the excessive concentration of reduced (oxygen-depleted) hemoglobin in the blood
73
diluent
solution used to dissolve a powder, usually sterile water
74
dissociative anesthesia
definition
two dissociative anesthetic drug examples
a state of anesthesia characterized by uncoupling the conscious and unconscious sensory and monor control parts of the brain.
Ketamine
Tiletamine
75
physiological distress
a state of severe anxiety or physical strain
76
dosage
the recommended rate of administration of a drug, usually expressed as mg/kg
77
dose
the quantity of a drug to be administered to an animal at one time, usually expressed as a weight (mg)
78
edema
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the cavities and intercellular spaces of the body
79
emesis
vomiting
80
emetic
drug that induces vomiting
81
endocrine gland
an organ or group of cells that secretes regulatory substances (hormones) into the blood circulation that have effects on other organs
82
enema
introduction of fluid into the rectum
83
eructation
the ejection of gas or air from the stomach out the mouth; belching
a normal activity for ruminants that void gases produced by fermentatino in the rumen
84
euphoria
exaggerated sense of well-being with the absence of pain or distress
85
exsanquination
extensive blood loss due to internal or external hemorrhage
86
generic name
the chemical name of a drug
87
glucocorticoid
a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that causes an increase in blood glucose through stimulation of metabolic pathways
88
hematology
the science dealing with the morphology of blood and blood-forming tissues
89
half-life (in drugs)
the time required for the blood concentration of a drug to fall by 50% (a measure of how quickly it is metabolized)
90
hemorrage
the escape of blood from a ruptured vessel; bleeding
91
homeostasis
a tendency of organisms to maintain a state of relatively constant internal conditions, within a narrow range of values that are optimal for survival.
92
hyperesthesia
excessive sensitivity to touch
93
hypertension
elevated blood pressure
above normal range
94
hyperthermia
elevated body temperature (above normal range)
95
hypnotic
a drug that induces drowsiness, sleep or a light plane of anesthesia at high doses
96
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
97
hypopnea
abnormal decrease in depth and/or rate of respiration
98
hypotension
reduced blood pressure (below normal range)
99
hypothalamus
a portion of the brain that is responsible for the control and integration of many of the involuntary functions necessary for life
100
hypoxemia
reduced oxygen concentration in blood
101
hypoxia
reduced oxygen concentration in tissues
102
immobilization
the rendering of an animal so it is incapable of moving
103
immobilizing drug
any chemical used to restrain or anesthetize animals
104
induction period
time between injection of immobilizing drug(s) and loss of consciousness
105
inhibition
the prevention or reduction of the functioning of a cell or organ
106
insufflation
to fill a hollow organ such as stomach or rumen with pressurized gas
107
Inter
prefix denoting between
108
Intra
prefix denoting inside or within
109
intractable
difficult to handle
110
ischemia
deficiency of blood in a tissue due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel
