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Wildlife Immob 4th edition > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

abrasion

A

A wound caused by rubbing or scraping the skin or mucous membrane

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2
Q

acid-base balance

A

a state of equilibrium between the acidity and alkalinity of body fluids. Types of imbalances are acidosis and alkalosis.

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3
Q

acidosis

A

A physiological condition resulting from an accumulation of acid, or loss of base in the body

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4
Q

acute

A

of short duration (minutes to hours)

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5
Q

adaptation

A

the behavioural and physiological adjustment of an organism to changing environmental conditions

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6
Q

adrenal gland

A

pair of endocrine organs
near the cranial pole of the kidneys
produces and releases hormones

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7
Q

what are 3 hormones the adrenal gland produces

A

adrenaline (epinephrine)
noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
cortisol

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8
Q

adranalin

A

a “stress” hormone produced by the adrenal gland. aka epinephrine

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9
Q

agonist

A

a drug that produces a physiological effect

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10
Q

alar fold

A

a fold of skin and cartilage that supports the rim of the nostril of some animals

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11
Q

alpha2 agonist

A

a sedative type drug which induces sedation by binding to alpha 2 receptors in the brain.

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12
Q

what are two drugs that are alpha2 agonists

A

xylazine
medetomidine

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13
Q

what are alpha2 receptors

A

receptors in the brain to which sedatives bind to cause sedation and relaxation

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14
Q

amnesia

A

loss or impairment of memory

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15
Q

analgesia

A

loss of sensitivity to pain

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16
Q

anatomy

A

the science dealing with the form and structure of living organisms

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17
Q

anesthesia

A

the loss of feeling or sensation in all or part of the body

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18
Q

anesthetic

A

a drug or agent that induces either a local loss of sensation (local anesthetic) or unconsciousness and generalized loss of sensation throughout the body (general anesthetic)

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19
Q

anoxia

A

the absence of oxygen e.g. in the tissues

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20
Q

antagonist

A

drug which reverses the action of an immobilizing agonist drug

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21
Q

anterior

A

towards the front

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22
Q

anthelmintic

A

a substance that kills helminth parasites

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23
Q

What is one anthelmintic drug

A

ivermectin

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24
Q

antibiotic

A

a substance that destroys or prevents the growth of microorganisms and is used to treat bacterial infections

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25
Q

anitemetic

A

a drug that reduces or eliminates nausea and vomiting

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26
Q

antiseptic

A

a substance applied to skin or living tissue to destroy microorganisms or prevent their growth

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27
Q

what is one commercially avialable antiseptic

A

Hibitane

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28
Q

anxiolytic

A

drug that reduces or eliminates anxiety

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29
Q

apnea

A

temporary cessation of breathing

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30
Q

What do all approved veterinary drugs have on their label

A

DIN - drug identification number

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31
Q

two types of physiological arrest

A

cardiac arrest - sudden stoppage of the beating of the heart
respiratory arrest - sudden stoppage of respiratory movement

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32
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular heart beat

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33
Q

aseptic

A

the complete absence of bacteria, fungi, viruses or other microorganisms

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34
Q

aspiration

A

taking in of fluid or foreign material into air passages

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35
Q

taxia

A

failure of muscular coordination e.g. staggering

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36
Q

autoclave

A

self-locking apparatus for the sterilization of materials by steam under pressure

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37
Q

autonomic nervous system - give examples of

A

the branch of the nervous system that works without conscious control
e.g. cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

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38
Q

barbituates - give one example

A

a group of controlled anesthetic drugs derived from barbituric acid, which are used as euthanasia agents. e.g. pentobarbitone

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39
Q

benzodiazepine

A

a family of sedatives having a common chemical structure (benzodiazepine ring)

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40
Q

bile
produced by
where stored
released to
function

A

a clear yellow or orange fluid produced by the liver.
stored and concentrated in the gall bladder
released into small intestine via bile ducts to aid in digestion

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41
Q

biopsy

A

the removal of a small piece of tissue to determine a disease process or to sample DNA

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42
Q

bloat

A

distension of the abdomen from gas in the stomach or rumen.

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43
Q

bovid

A

member of the cattle family (Bovidae)

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44
Q

bradycardia

A

slowness of the heard beat

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45
Q

broad spectrum

A

active against a wide range of, for example, microorganisms

46
Q

buffer
what does it do
what is are important buffers in blood

A

a substance that, by its presence in solution, increases the amount of acid or alkali necessary to produce a unit change in pH.
Salts containing bicarbonate [HCO3-] are important buffers in blood

47
Q

Butyrophenone
give one example

A

a family of tranquilizer drugs that have a common chemical structure and action
e.g. azaperone

48
Q

canid

A

member of the dog family (Canidae)

49
Q

capillaries

A

minute vessels that connect arterioles and venules

50
Q

capillary refill time
what is it used to measure
where is it determined

A

the amount of time required for blood to return to capillaries that have been squeezed empty by digital pressure.
Used as a crude measure of blood pressure.
Usually performed on mucous membranes

51
Q

cardiac output

A

the volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit time

52
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

a circular muscle that constricts the passage between the distal end of the esophagus and the stomach.
When relaxed, the sphincter allows materials to pass through the opening.

53
Q

CPR
definition
basic steps

A

CardioPulmonary Resuscitation
the re-establishment of heart and lung activity.
Airway - Breathing - Circulation

54
Q

cardiovascular system

A

the heart and blood vessels

55
Q

catalepsy

A

a condition of diminished responsiveness, usually characterized by a trance-like state and muscle rigidity

56
Q

catatonia

A

a state of apparent unresponsiveness to external stimuli in an animal that appears to be awake

57
Q

Catecholamines
give two examples

A

a group of physiologically active compounds
Includes adrenaline and noradrenaline
Play an important role in the body’s response to stress

58
Q

central nervous system

A

the brain and spinal cord

59
Q

cervical

A

pertaining to the neck

60
Q

cervid

A

member of the deer family (Cervidae)

61
Q

chronic

A

of long duration (weeks to months)

62
Q

concentration

A

the ration of the mass of a drug to the volume of the solution

63
Q

concussion

A

the condition that results from a violent jar or shock to the brain or spinal cord

64
Q

conduction

A

the conveyance of energy (or heat) from one material to another

65
Q

contusion

A

injury to tissues without the breakage of ski; a bruise

66
Q

convectin

A

the transmission of heat in a liquid by circulation of heated particles

67
Q

convulsion

A

a series of involuntary contractions of the voluntary muscles

68
Q

cornea

A

the clear anterior portion of the eye.

69
Q

corneal

A

pertaining to the cornea, or clear anterior portion of the eye

70
Q

corticosteroids

A

any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, as well as their synthetic equivalents

71
Q

cortisol

A

a hormone (corticosteroid) from the adrenal cortex that plays an important role in the body’s physiological response to stress

72
Q

cyanosis

A

a bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by the excessive concentration of reduced (oxygen-depleted) hemoglobin in the blood

73
Q

diluent

A

solution used to dissolve a powder, usually sterile water

74
Q

dissociative anesthesia
definition
two dissociative anesthetic drug examples

A

a state of anesthesia characterized by uncoupling the conscious and unconscious sensory and monor control parts of the brain.
Ketamine
Tiletamine

75
Q

physiological distress

A

a state of severe anxiety or physical strain

76
Q

dosage

A

the recommended rate of administration of a drug, usually expressed as mg/kg

77
Q

dose

A

the quantity of a drug to be administered to an animal at one time, usually expressed as a weight (mg)

78
Q

edema

A

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the cavities and intercellular spaces of the body

79
Q

emesis

A

vomiting

80
Q

emetic

A

drug that induces vomiting

81
Q

endocrine gland

A

an organ or group of cells that secretes regulatory substances (hormones) into the blood circulation that have effects on other organs

82
Q

enema

A

introduction of fluid into the rectum

83
Q

eructation

A

the ejection of gas or air from the stomach out the mouth; belching
a normal activity for ruminants that void gases produced by fermentatino in the rumen

84
Q

euphoria

A

exaggerated sense of well-being with the absence of pain or distress

85
Q

exsanquination

A

extensive blood loss due to internal or external hemorrhage

86
Q

generic name

A

the chemical name of a drug

87
Q

glucocorticoid

A

a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that causes an increase in blood glucose through stimulation of metabolic pathways

88
Q

hematology

A

the science dealing with the morphology of blood and blood-forming tissues

89
Q

half-life (in drugs)

A

the time required for the blood concentration of a drug to fall by 50% (a measure of how quickly it is metabolized)

90
Q

hemorrage

A

the escape of blood from a ruptured vessel; bleeding

91
Q

homeostasis

A

a tendency of organisms to maintain a state of relatively constant internal conditions, within a narrow range of values that are optimal for survival.

92
Q

hyperesthesia

A

excessive sensitivity to touch

93
Q

hypertension

A

elevated blood pressure
above normal range

94
Q

hyperthermia

A

elevated body temperature (above normal range)

95
Q

hypnotic

A

a drug that induces drowsiness, sleep or a light plane of anesthesia at high doses

96
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low blood sugar

97
Q

hypopnea

A

abnormal decrease in depth and/or rate of respiration

98
Q

hypotension

A

reduced blood pressure (below normal range)

99
Q

hypothalamus

A

a portion of the brain that is responsible for the control and integration of many of the involuntary functions necessary for life

100
Q

hypoxemia

A

reduced oxygen concentration in blood

101
Q

hypoxia

A

reduced oxygen concentration in tissues

102
Q

immobilization

A

the rendering of an animal so it is incapable of moving

103
Q

immobilizing drug

A

any chemical used to restrain or anesthetize animals

104
Q

induction period

A

time between injection of immobilizing drug(s) and loss of consciousness

105
Q

inhibition

A

the prevention or reduction of the functioning of a cell or organ

106
Q

insufflation

A

to fill a hollow organ such as stomach or rumen with pressurized gas

107
Q

Inter

A

prefix denoting between

108
Q

Intra

A

prefix denoting inside or within

109
Q

intractable

A

difficult to handle

110
Q

ischemia

A

deficiency of blood in a tissue due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel

Wildlife Immob 4th edition (2 decks)

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