Ch 3 Pharmacology

Question 1

What characteristics does the ideal immobilization drug have w.r.t pharmacological action

Answer 1

Rapid immobilization with:
muscle relaxation
heavy sedation
anesthesia
analgesia
maintains essential body functions
no negative side effects
suitable for variety of species
multiple routes of administration
readily reversible
reversal drug available - no negative effects
fast smooth recovery

Question 2

what chars does the ideal immob drug have w.r.t safety features

Answer 2

Safe for animal
* wide margin of safety
* over-underdosing no adverse effects
Safe for handler
No residues - safe for use in food animals
* drug rapidly excreted

Question 3

what chars does the ideal immob drug have w.r.t chemical char’s

Answer 3

highly potent
potency maintained w/variety of temps
water soluble
non-irritating
mixes with other drugs without precipitation or loss of effect

Question 4

what chars does the ideal immob drug have w.r.t management

Answer 4

not subject to complicated drug licensing
reasonable amt of paperwork required
low cost
readily available

Question 5

Tranquilizers - describe

Answer 5

Dose dependent
Calming
Not adequate for immob
Used in combination with dissociatives or opioids
* no loss of consciousness
* minimal pain killing
* not adequate for immobilization

Question 6

Two groups of tranquilizers

Answer 6

butyrophenones
phenothiazines (not used much)

Question 7

Sedatives - two groups

Answer 7

alpha-2 agonists
benzodiazepines

Question 8

Sedative actions
- alpha-2 agonists
- benzodiazepenes

Answer 8

produce CNS depression
alpha-2 agonists
- stimulate alpha-2 nerve receptors
benzodiazepenes
- enhance the inhibitory function of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) in the CNS

Question 9

Sedatives - effects

Answer 9

mental depression
muscle relaxation
moderate analgesia
dose-dependent sedative effects
* some immobilization at higher doses
* but most often used in association with opioids and dissociative anesthetics
BP - lowers