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Blood Banking > Glossary (108-116) > Flashcards

Glossary (108-116) Flashcards

0
Q

H-antigen specifity

A

L - fucose

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1
Q

Non-penetrating cryoprotective agent added to protect cells from damage

A

Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES)

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2
Q

A antigen specificity

A

N - acetyl - D - galactosamine

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3
Q

Rare dominant gene inhibiting the production of all lutheran antigens

A

In Lu

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4
Q

Random behavoir of genes

A

Independent assortment

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5
Q

Passing of one gene from each parent to offspring

A

Independent segregation

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6
Q

Sugar molecule that gives antigen its specificity

A

Immunodominant sugar

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7
Q

B antigen specifity

A

D - galactose

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8
Q

Number of charged particle

A

Ionic strength

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9
Q

Anti - T

A

Arachis hypogea

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10
Q

Increase in unconjugated bilirubin

A

Kernicterus

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11
Q

Detects fetal maternal hemorrhage

A

Kleihauer betke acid elution test

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13
Q

Anti-A1

A

Dolichos biflorus

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14
Q

States that ABO antibody is present in plasma or serum when corresponding ABO antigen is absent on erythrocyte

A

Landsteiner law

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15
Q

Gamma or electron treatment of a cellular product

A

Irradiation

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15
Q

Antibody plus multivalent antigen that forms cross link

A

Lattice formation

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17
Q

Seed extract capable of agglutinating red cells carrying the corresponding antigen

A

Lectin

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17
Q

Anti - N

A

Vicia graminea

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18
Q

Location of gene

A

Locus

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19
Q

Anti - M

A

Iberis amara

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20
Q

Condition with high molecular weight immunoglobulins

A

Macroglobulinemia

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21
Q

Replacement of one or more blood volume with in 24 hrs

A

Massive transfusion

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22
Q

Graph use to predict HDN

A

Liley graph

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23
Q

Used to treat hypertension, the cause of positive DAT

A

Methyl dopa (aldomet)

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24
Q

Anti-h

A

Ulex europaues

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25
Q

Anti - Tn

A

Salvia sclaera

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26
Q

Population of red cells has agglutinated and the remainder of the red cells are not agglutinated

A

Mixed field agglutination

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27
Q

Manner by which gene is passed

A

Mode of inheritance

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28
Q

Trait that appears when the gene that had been inherited can be found in each generation in equal frequency in males and females

A

Autosomal dominant

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29
Q

Trait manifested by people who are homozygous for the alleles. Both parents who do not express the trait may be carrier or heterozygous for the recessive allele.

A

Autosomal recessive

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30
Q

Traits transmitted to all daughter of affected father but not to sons.

A

Sex-linked dominant

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31
Q

D antigen with complete subpart

A

Rh ABCD

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32
Q

D antigen with missing B part

A

Rh AbCD

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33
Q

Trait appears much more frequently in males than in females due to inheritance from the carrier mothers.

A

Sex-linked recessive

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34
Q

D antigen with missing C part

A

Rh ABcD

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35
Q

Relating to birth

A

Natal

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36
Q

Antigen composed of several units or subpart such as Rho antigen

A

Mosaic

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37
Q

D antigen with missing D part

A

Rh ABCd

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38
Q

Woman having borne more than one child

A

Multiparous

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39
Q

Malignant neoplasm of the bone marrow characterised by abnormal proteins in the plasma and urine

A

Multiple myeloma

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40
Q

Fusion of malignant and normal cell that produces large quantities of monoclonal antibodies

A

Murine hydbridoma

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41
Q

Group of sugars found on the RBC membrane attached to a protein backbone; source membrane’s net negative charge

A

NANA (sialic acid)

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42
Q

Enzyme the cleaves sialic acid from RBC membrane

A

Nueraminidase

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43
Q

D antigen with missing A part

A

Rh aBCD

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44
Q

Basic building block of DNA

A

Nucleotide

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45
Q

Individual who fails to express any antigen on the red cells

A

Null phenotype

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46
Q

Chemical compound forms by small number of simple CHO molecules

A

Oligosaccharide chain

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47
Q

Required temp in celius by which antibody is most active

A

Optimum temperature

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48
Q

Spontaneous clumping of RBC against given serum

A

Panagglutination

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49
Q

Agglutination-inhibition; no agglutination

A

Neutralization

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50
Q

Group O reagent RBC that are used for antibody identification

A

Panel cell

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51
Q

Woman who had at least one pregnancy

A

Primiparous

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52
Q

Type of cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in which a biphasic IgG antibody can be demonstrated with anti-P specificity.

A

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

53
Q

D antigen that is missing part of its typical antigenic structure

A

Partial D

54
Q

Diagrammatic chart used for illustrating the inheritance patterns of traits in family study

A

Predigree chart

55
Q

Detectable charateristics of genes

A

Phenotype

56
Q

Initial treatment of elevated bilirubin using lights

A

Phototheraphy

57
Q

Extra blood sample collected during the while blood donation from a donor which is intended for serological test

A

Pilot tube

58
Q

Fibrinogen containing liquid portion of the blood. Used for backward typing

A

Plasma

59
Q

Plasma from whole blood subjected to heavy spin which allow sedimentation of platelet and leaving plasma almost free of platelets

A

PPP (platelet poor plasms)

60
Q

Required speed in a give time to sediment particles from a fluid mixture

A

Relative centrifugal force

61
Q

Plasma from whole blood subjected to soft spin which allow slow sedimentation of platelet thus leaving plasma that contains high number of platelets

A

PRP (platelet rich plasma)

63
Q

Refers to the chance the the alleged father is the biological father

A

Paternity index

63
Q

Inability of patient to respond Favourably after platelet transfusion thus desired increment in platelet is not achieved

A

Platelet refractoriness

64
Q

Spontaneous agglutination of red cells by most normal adult sera regardless of blood group

A

Polyagglutination

65
Q

Blood group system showing several allelic forms therefore rendering more than one alternative phenotype

A

Polymorphism

66
Q

Relative strength of antibody in a given antiserum usually expressed in titer

A

Potency

67
Q

Substance that enhance antigen-antibody interaction from a given cell-serum mixture which may be used to detect low-tittered antibodies in routine testing

A

Potentiator

68
Q

Increases the rate of antibody association

A

Low ionic strength saline solution

69
Q

Reduces zeta potential

A

Polybrene

70
Q

Inherited characteristic showing decreased expression of Rh antigens

A

Rhmod

71
Q

transfused in patients suffering from hypovolemia of among burn and shock patiently

A

Plasma volume expander

72
Q

Increases antibody antigen reaction by concentrating antibody in the mixture through removal of water

A

Polyethylene glycol

73
Q

2 x 2 grid used for gene combination

A

Punnett square

74
Q

Close monitoring of laboratory operations to allow maximum reliability of test result

A

Quality control

74
Q

Disease most frequently seen in premature infants that is primarily characterised by acute difficulty in breathing; formerly known as hyaline membrane disease

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

76
Q

Phenotype of a person who suffers from Anaemia and whose red cells do not express any Rh antigens

A

Rhnull

77
Q

System of procedures that ensures a laboratory to operate with the most minimal errors

A

Quality assurance

78
Q

Determine fetomaternal hemorrhage based on the ability of fetal cells to aggregate around indicator cells

A

Rosette test

79
Q

Used to determine blood group soluble substances; done if the expression is so weak to be detected by routine cell typing

A

Saliva testing

80
Q

Concentrated and purified anti-D given as a prophylactic or preventive treatment to Rh(-) person

A

Rh Immune Globulin (RhIg)

81
Q

A person who does not inherit the Se gene

A

Non secretor

82
Q

Additional blood bag attached to primary bag generally intended for component preparation

A

Satellite bags

83
Q

Group O cells with complete profile of antigens against antibody detection

A

Screening cells

84
Q

2 drops of serum to 1 drop of 5% red cell suspension

A

40:1 ratio

85
Q

Process of allowing interaction or attachment of an incomplete antibody to red cell antigen but no subsequent agglutination reaction seen.

A

Sensitization

87
Q

A person who acquired the Se gene

A

Secretor

88
Q

Attachment of serum antibody to red cell antigen; procedure done in a tube

A

In vitro sensitization

89
Q

Attachment of serum antibody to red cell antigen; reaction happens intravascularly

A

In Vivo sensitization

90
Q

Systemic disease caused by presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the body or presence of microbes in the blood

A

Septicaemia

91
Q

4 drops of serum to 1 drop of 3% red cell suspension

A

133:1 ratio

92
Q

Refers to the length of the time that the blood can still be used before it expires

A

Shelf life

93
Q

Yellowish liquid portion of the blood after clotting of centrifugation which can also be used as a source of antibody

A

Serum

93
Q

Required drops of serum to mix with certain drops of red cell suspension to achieve greater reactivity

A

Serum to cell ratio

94
Q

Preservative used in commercial typing sera to prevent bacterial contamination

A

Sodium azide (0.1%)

95
Q

Characteristic of an antibody to react with cell expressing the corresponding antigen only

A

Specificity

96
Q

Biochemical changes happening on blood upon in vitro storage

A

Storage lesion

97
Q

Severe physiologic reaction to trauma

A

Shock

98
Q

Antigens within ABO group that weakly expressed thus react less strongly with their corresponding antibody; leads to ABO discrepancy

A

Subgroup

99
Q

Boundary of ionic cloud surrounding RBC in saline at which zeta potential is measured

A

Surface shear (slipping plate)

100
Q

Brief loss of consciousness related to fainting

A

Syncope

101
Q

Also called as therapeutic aphresis; removal of blood components for treatment purposes

A

Therapeutic phlebotomy

102
Q

Reagent used to disperse agglutination caused by cold reactive IgM autoantibodies; useful in differentiating IgM from IgG antibodies

A

Thiol reagent

103
Q

Reciprocal of the highest dilution that shows a visible reaction

A

Titer

104
Q

Inherited characteristic based from gene action

A

Trait

105
Q

Administration of blood or its component intravenously

A

Transfusion

106
Q

Transfer blood directly from one person to another

A

Direct transfusion

107
Q

Transfusion of blood stored in blood bag coming from a homologous donor

A

Indirect transfusion

108
Q

Blood transfusion of fetus in utero

A

Intrauterine transfusion

109
Q

Adverse reaction happening to a patient following transfusion of a unit of blood or its components

A

Transfusion reaction

110
Q

Blood taken from a patient to be used for the same patient

A

Autologous transfusion

111
Q

Used in infants with HDN, it refers to withdrawal of small volume blood and subsequent replacement with compatible blood

A

Exchange transfusion

112
Q

Batch test that includes ABO, Rh, and antibody screening

A

Type and screen (T/S)

113
Q

Vascular skin reaction commonly signalling allergic reaction

A

Urticaria (hives)

114
Q

Refers to type O and type AB individuals who are considered popularly as universal donor and recipient respectively

A

Universality concept

115
Q

Plasma cell dyscrasia characterised by excessive production of gamma M globulin

A

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

116
Q

Ability of red cell to survive in vivo after transfusion

A

Viability

117
Q

Weaker variant of D-antigen that is detectable only through indirect antihuman globulin test

A

Weak D (D^u)

118
Q

Thick gelatinous substance rich in hyaluronic acid that make up the matrix of the umbilical cord

A

Wharton’s jelly

119
Q

Period of time when the disease is present but tested serologically negative

A

Window period

120
Q

Soluble haptenic forms of A and B antigens capable of neutralizing their corresponding antibodies

A

Witebsky substance

121
Q

Blood group whose genes are located in the X-chromosome; Xg antigen is see in greatest frequency among females than males

A

Xg blood group

122
Q

Net negative charge of red cell measured at the surface of shear

A

Zeta potential

123
Q

Colourless crystalline compound widely used as an anti-clotting drug; inhibits synthesis of vitamin K

A

Warfarin

124
Q

Successive suspension of whole blood with NSS, centrifugation , and finally decanting completely the supernatant fluid. Done 3 times. Used in red cell suspension

A

Washing

125
Q

Reaction that is influenced by the amount of antigen and antibody from the cell-serum mixture

A

Zonal reaction

126
Q

Zone of antibody excess

A

Prozone

127
Q

Zone of antigen excess

A

Post zone

128
Q

Zone of maximum or greatest reaction

A

Equivalence zone

129
Q

It is a mixture of 0.1 M DTT plus 0.1% cysteine-activated papain used to dissociate IgG molecules from erythrocyte showing a positive DAT reaction

A

ZZAP

Blood Banking (2 decks)

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