Glossary (108-116) Flashcards
0
Q
H-antigen specifity
A
L - fucose
1
Q
Non-penetrating cryoprotective agent added to protect cells from damage
A
Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES)
2
Q
A antigen specificity
A
N - acetyl - D - galactosamine
3
Q
Rare dominant gene inhibiting the production of all lutheran antigens
A
In Lu
4
Q
Random behavoir of genes
A
Independent assortment
5
Q
Passing of one gene from each parent to offspring
A
Independent segregation
6
Q
Sugar molecule that gives antigen its specificity
A
Immunodominant sugar
7
Q
B antigen specifity
A
D - galactose
8
Q
Number of charged particle
A
Ionic strength
9
Q
Anti - T
A
Arachis hypogea
10
Q
Increase in unconjugated bilirubin
A
Kernicterus
11
Q
Detects fetal maternal hemorrhage
A
Kleihauer betke acid elution test
13
Q
Anti-A1
A
Dolichos biflorus
14
Q
States that ABO antibody is present in plasma or serum when corresponding ABO antigen is absent on erythrocyte
A
Landsteiner law
15
Q
Gamma or electron treatment of a cellular product
A
Irradiation
15
Q
Antibody plus multivalent antigen that forms cross link
A
Lattice formation
17
Q
Seed extract capable of agglutinating red cells carrying the corresponding antigen
A
Lectin
17
Q
Anti - N
A
Vicia graminea
18
Q
Location of gene
A
Locus
19
Q
Anti - M
A
Iberis amara
20
Q
Condition with high molecular weight immunoglobulins
A
Macroglobulinemia
21
Q
Replacement of one or more blood volume with in 24 hrs
A
Massive transfusion
22
Q
Graph use to predict HDN
A
Liley graph
23
Q
Used to treat hypertension, the cause of positive DAT
A
Methyl dopa (aldomet)
24
Anti-h
Ulex europaues
25
Anti - Tn
Salvia sclaera
26
Population of red cells has agglutinated and the remainder of the red cells are not agglutinated
Mixed field agglutination
27
Manner by which gene is passed
Mode of inheritance
28
Trait that appears when the gene that had been inherited can be found in each generation in equal frequency in males and females
Autosomal dominant
29
Trait manifested by people who are homozygous for the alleles. Both parents who do not express the trait may be carrier or heterozygous for the recessive allele.
Autosomal recessive
30
Traits transmitted to all daughter of affected father but not to sons.
Sex-linked dominant
31
D antigen with complete subpart
Rh ABCD
32
D antigen with missing B part
Rh AbCD
33
Trait appears much more frequently in males than in females due to inheritance from the carrier mothers.
Sex-linked recessive
34
D antigen with missing C part
Rh ABcD
35
Relating to birth
Natal
36
Antigen composed of several units or subpart such as Rho antigen
Mosaic
37
D antigen with missing D part
Rh ABCd
38
Woman having borne more than one child
Multiparous
39
Malignant neoplasm of the bone marrow characterised by abnormal proteins in the plasma and urine
Multiple myeloma
40
Fusion of malignant and normal cell that produces large quantities of monoclonal antibodies
Murine hydbridoma
41
Group of sugars found on the RBC membrane attached to a protein backbone; source membrane's net negative charge
NANA (sialic acid)
42
Enzyme the cleaves sialic acid from RBC membrane
Nueraminidase
43
D antigen with missing A part
Rh aBCD
44
Basic building block of DNA
Nucleotide
45
Individual who fails to express any antigen on the red cells
Null phenotype
46
Chemical compound forms by small number of simple CHO molecules
Oligosaccharide chain
47
Required temp in celius by which antibody is most active
Optimum temperature
48
Spontaneous clumping of RBC against given serum
Panagglutination
49
Agglutination-inhibition; no agglutination
Neutralization
50
Group O reagent RBC that are used for antibody identification
Panel cell
51
Woman who had at least one pregnancy
Primiparous
52
Type of cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in which a biphasic IgG antibody can be demonstrated with anti-P specificity.
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
53
D antigen that is missing part of its typical antigenic structure
Partial D
54
Diagrammatic chart used for illustrating the inheritance patterns of traits in family study
Predigree chart
55
Detectable charateristics of genes
Phenotype
56
Initial treatment of elevated bilirubin using lights
Phototheraphy
57
Extra blood sample collected during the while blood donation from a donor which is intended for serological test
Pilot tube
58
Fibrinogen containing liquid portion of the blood. Used for backward typing
Plasma
59
Plasma from whole blood subjected to heavy spin which allow sedimentation of platelet and leaving plasma almost free of platelets
PPP (platelet poor plasms)
60
Required speed in a give time to sediment particles from a fluid mixture
Relative centrifugal force
61
Plasma from whole blood subjected to soft spin which allow slow sedimentation of platelet thus leaving plasma that contains high number of platelets
PRP (platelet rich plasma)
63
Refers to the chance the the alleged father is the biological father
Paternity index
63
Inability of patient to respond Favourably after platelet transfusion thus desired increment in platelet is not achieved
Platelet refractoriness
64
Spontaneous agglutination of red cells by most normal adult sera regardless of blood group
Polyagglutination
65
Blood group system showing several allelic forms therefore rendering more than one alternative phenotype
Polymorphism
66
Relative strength of antibody in a given antiserum usually expressed in titer
Potency
67
Substance that enhance antigen-antibody interaction from a given cell-serum mixture which may be used to detect low-tittered antibodies in routine testing
Potentiator
68
Increases the rate of antibody association
Low ionic strength saline solution
69
Reduces zeta potential
Polybrene
70
Inherited characteristic showing decreased expression of Rh antigens
Rhmod
71
transfused in patients suffering from hypovolemia of among burn and shock patiently
Plasma volume expander
72
Increases antibody antigen reaction by concentrating antibody in the mixture through removal of water
Polyethylene glycol
73
2 x 2 grid used for gene combination
Punnett square
74
Close monitoring of laboratory operations to allow maximum reliability of test result
Quality control
74
Disease most frequently seen in premature infants that is primarily characterised by acute difficulty in breathing; formerly known as hyaline membrane disease
Respiratory distress syndrome
76
Phenotype of a person who suffers from Anaemia and whose red cells do not express any Rh antigens
Rhnull
77
System of procedures that ensures a laboratory to operate with the most minimal errors
Quality assurance
78
Determine fetomaternal hemorrhage based on the ability of fetal cells to aggregate around indicator cells
Rosette test
79
Used to determine blood group soluble substances; done if the expression is so weak to be detected by routine cell typing
Saliva testing
80
Concentrated and purified anti-D given as a prophylactic or preventive treatment to Rh(-) person
Rh Immune Globulin (RhIg)
81
A person who does not inherit the Se gene
Non secretor
82
Additional blood bag attached to primary bag generally intended for component preparation
Satellite bags
83
Group O cells with complete profile of antigens against antibody detection
Screening cells
84
2 drops of serum to 1 drop of 5% red cell suspension
40:1 ratio
85
Process of allowing interaction or attachment of an incomplete antibody to red cell antigen but no subsequent agglutination reaction seen.
Sensitization
87
A person who acquired the Se gene
Secretor
88
Attachment of serum antibody to red cell antigen; procedure done in a tube
In vitro sensitization
89
Attachment of serum antibody to red cell antigen; reaction happens intravascularly
In Vivo sensitization
90
Systemic disease caused by presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the body or presence of microbes in the blood
Septicaemia
91
4 drops of serum to 1 drop of 3% red cell suspension
133:1 ratio
92
Refers to the length of the time that the blood can still be used before it expires
Shelf life
93
Yellowish liquid portion of the blood after clotting of centrifugation which can also be used as a source of antibody
Serum
93
Required drops of serum to mix with certain drops of red cell suspension to achieve greater reactivity
Serum to cell ratio
94
Preservative used in commercial typing sera to prevent bacterial contamination
Sodium azide (0.1%)
95
Characteristic of an antibody to react with cell expressing the corresponding antigen only
Specificity
96
Biochemical changes happening on blood upon in vitro storage
Storage lesion
97
Severe physiologic reaction to trauma
Shock
98
Antigens within ABO group that weakly expressed thus react less strongly with their corresponding antibody; leads to ABO discrepancy
Subgroup
99
Boundary of ionic cloud surrounding RBC in saline at which zeta potential is measured
Surface shear (slipping plate)
100
Brief loss of consciousness related to fainting
Syncope
101
Also called as therapeutic aphresis; removal of blood components for treatment purposes
Therapeutic phlebotomy
102
Reagent used to disperse agglutination caused by cold reactive IgM autoantibodies; useful in differentiating IgM from IgG antibodies
Thiol reagent
103
Reciprocal of the highest dilution that shows a visible reaction
Titer
104
Inherited characteristic based from gene action
Trait
105
Administration of blood or its component intravenously
Transfusion
106
Transfer blood directly from one person to another
Direct transfusion
107
Transfusion of blood stored in blood bag coming from a homologous donor
Indirect transfusion
108
Blood transfusion of fetus in utero
Intrauterine transfusion
109
Adverse reaction happening to a patient following transfusion of a unit of blood or its components
Transfusion reaction
110
Blood taken from a patient to be used for the same patient
Autologous transfusion
111
Used in infants with HDN, it refers to withdrawal of small volume blood and subsequent replacement with compatible blood
Exchange transfusion
112
Batch test that includes ABO, Rh, and antibody screening
Type and screen (T/S)
113
Vascular skin reaction commonly signalling allergic reaction
Urticaria (hives)
114
Refers to type O and type AB individuals who are considered popularly as universal donor and recipient respectively
Universality concept
115
Plasma cell dyscrasia characterised by excessive production of gamma M globulin
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
116
Ability of red cell to survive in vivo after transfusion
Viability
117
Weaker variant of D-antigen that is detectable only through indirect antihuman globulin test
Weak D (D^u)
118
Thick gelatinous substance rich in hyaluronic acid that make up the matrix of the umbilical cord
Wharton's jelly
119
Period of time when the disease is present but tested serologically negative
Window period
120
Soluble haptenic forms of A and B antigens capable of neutralizing their corresponding antibodies
Witebsky substance
121
Blood group whose genes are located in the X-chromosome; Xg antigen is see in greatest frequency among females than males
Xg blood group
122
Net negative charge of red cell measured at the surface of shear
Zeta potential
123
Colourless crystalline compound widely used as an anti-clotting drug; inhibits synthesis of vitamin K
Warfarin
124
Successive suspension of whole blood with NSS, centrifugation , and finally decanting completely the supernatant fluid. Done 3 times. Used in red cell suspension
Washing
125
Reaction that is influenced by the amount of antigen and antibody from the cell-serum mixture
Zonal reaction
126
Zone of antibody excess
Prozone
127
Zone of antigen excess
Post zone
128
Zone of maximum or greatest reaction
Equivalence zone
129
It is a mixture of 0.1 M DTT plus 0.1% cysteine-activated papain used to dissociate IgG molecules from erythrocyte showing a positive DAT reaction
ZZAP
