Glorious revolution Flashcards
What were the problems with James II
he was tyrannical
married mary of modena who had a catholic son in 1688
Catholic
Executed 250 anglican bishops in the tower of London
What was the rumour of James son
the rumour was that the son was illegitimate and not real, from a warming pan
10th june 1688
Who did James take refuge with when he fled to france
Louis XIV
what are whigs and what did they believe
Whigs are political theorists who theorised on the nature of kingship
They believed the king and the people contracted #
They believed James broke the contract and exceeded powers by trying to establish catholicism in England
Then believed he lost his right to rule so the throne was vacant
What are the tories
The tories were very opposed to the whigs
They believed in hereditary succession and DROK
They swore oath of allegiance to James
they needed justification the Williams rule
What was the convention parliament in 1698
the conventional parliament was formulated as a resolution whose wording satisfied most of the tories and whigs
- James broke the contract between people (Whig)
- He violated countries fundamental laws (Whig)
-His flight meant that he abdicated the throne (Tories)
who opposed the convention parliament
the tories in lords
led to anti tory crowds demonstrating outside of parliament
What did james say in secret meeting
james said that he would go back to holland unless he was made king
on the 3rd of feb 1689
What did they agree on with william
- mary would share the title of monarch with william although she wouldn’t have power
- If mary was to die any children from another wife would follow anne (mary’s sister) line of succession
How many people signed the letter to William
7 leading MPs
30th June 1688
When was william offered the crown
William was offered the crown unconditionally
after it was formally accepted on 6th feb 1689 by the lords and confirmed by commons
How did William have legitimate succession
james II daughter was his wife
protestant
Why did William want to take the throne
increased threat to Louis XIV because of the english NAVY, whom he wanted to protect northern europe from
Why was the printing press important to William
it was important to william to make it seem like not an invasion
A way to spread dissent and propaganda
What was the bill of rights 1689
gave religious assurance
set out the limits of william and mary’s power
As a result of past tyrannical power
Gave parliamentary power
It also includes no right of taxation without Parliament’s agreement, freedom from government interference, the right of petition and just treatment of people by courts
What were the terms of the bill of rights
army cpuldnt be raised without the permission of parliament
no law pr taxation without parliament
free and regular elections
cant levee
How was the bill of rights limited
because the monarch was still head of the army
rules had to be reversed
vauge and not binding
monarch could still veto
no mecanisms of enforcement
What was the act of settlement 1701
stopped catholic sucession
What were the terms of the act of settlement
judges couldnt be dismissed without parliament
royal pardons declared as irrelevant
all future sucessors must be c of e members
no future foreign monarch could enter war without parliaments approval
monarch couldnt leave the country without parliamentary consent
no foreign men in the privvy council
feared william would impose calvanism
What was the test act 1673
requires any office holders to swear allegience to the monarch
What was the significance of the toleration act
made monarch bound by law
ruined belief of drok
big step towards religious tolleration
1714- 400,000 dissenters 8% of pop
how did parliamentary power grow between 1688-1701
Lord halifax becomes lord privvy seal - became one of williams close advisors
close balanced parl - 225 whigs 206 tories
What was james doing in ireland during this time
Lord halifax becomes lord privvy seal
What was the triennial act 1694
origionally vetoed but passed next year- evidence for increasing power
parliament had to be called every three years
more regular elections
What was the febuary 1696 plot
stuart sympathisers attempted to assascionate william
led to william turning to the whigs who were a radical alliance (united due to this event) but whigs wanted power
What was the bill of resumption 1699
aimed to recover royal land
prevented william from giving land to irish advisors
how did 1697-99 effect the relationship with parliament and william
william had very little room for manouver
they started to limit his power
How much was the army limited to in 1697
10 000
How much was the army limited to in 1698
7 000
what did the magna carta mean
monarch had to go to parliament to raise a waar tax, allows parliament to ask for more power
Who was the nine years war fought between
Dutch and English v France
how did the war change the relationship between parliament and willaim
willaim was taking financial risks with hostile trade routes
lots of money borrowed
merchants wanted to stop
How did the war end
France had an economical crisis
both sides were bankrupt
william had growing opposition from tories
treaty of rijswijk
What years were the nine years war
1688-1697
what was the annual expendature
5.4 million but tax rev of 3.6 million
1.8 mill in debt per year
What did william excise duties on
Tea, tobacco and alcohol
How did royal income grow
unprecidented tax levels of tax post 1688
1692 -land tax 1 mil first year
what was the civil list act 1698
700 000 pa given to the monarch
What did the parliament set up to monitor government expendature
public accounts comission
they had the power to intergate ministers and call for papers
forerunner of modern day select comittees
What was the 1690 public accounts act
first comission was set up
9 voted into their position
aimed to detect corruption
Why did the comissions lose imoact
used more to target unfavoured misisters instead of checking finances
obstructed meetings
became a pollitical weapon
When was the bank of england established
1694
example of long term borrowing
who established the bank of England
whig chanacellor, charles montagu
What was the recoinage act of 1696
silver coins were clipped or forged so old coins were surrendered and new coins were introduced
now punishable by death
