Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal > Glomerulonephritis and Nephrotic Syndrome > Flashcards

Glomerulonephritis and Nephrotic Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

What is glomerulonephritis?

A

Group of inflammatory disorders, mostly due to autoimmunity, that destroy the glomeruli of the nephron and are classified by morphology/shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the types of glomerulonephritis?

A

Non-proliferative, generally causes nephrotic

  • Minimal change disease
  • Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
  • Membranous glomerulonephritis

Proliferative, generallt causes nephritis

  • Post-streptococcal
  • IgA nephropathy
  • Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common glomerulonephritis in children?

A

Minimal change disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common glomerulonephritis in adults?

A

IgA nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is IgA nephropathy?

A

Also known as Berger’s disease, autoimmune glomerulonephritis classically presenting as macroscopic haematuria in young people following an upper respiratory tract infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What conditions is IgA nephropathy associated with?

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Coeliac disease/dermatitis herpetiformis

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does IgA nephropathy present?

A

Young male

Recurrent episodes of macroscopic haematuria

Typically associated with a recent respiratory tract infection, developing 1-2 days after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is IgA nephropathy managed?

A

BP control, as steroids/immunosuppresants not shown to be effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes membranous glomerulonephritis?

A

Idiopathic

Infections

  • Hepatitis B
  • Malaria
  • Syphilis

Malignancy

  • Prostate, lung, lymphoma, leukaemia

Drugs

  • Gold
  • Penicillamine
  • NSAIDs

Autoimmune diseases

  • SLE
  • Thyroiditis
  • RA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does membranous glomerulonephritis present?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

Proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is membranous glomerulonephritis managed?

A

ACEI/ARB

Immunosuppression in severe or progressive disease

Combination of corticosteroid + another agent such as cyclophosphamide

Anticoagulation for high-risk patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What biopsy sign is seen in membranous glomerulonephritis?

A

Basement membrane is thickened with subepithelial electron dense deposits, creating a ‘spike and dome’ appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What antibody is associated with membranous glomerulonephritis?

A

Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis present?

A

Typically occurs in children 7-14 days post streptococcal infection

Headache

Malaise

Visible haematuria

Proteinuria

HTN

Oliguria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is post-streprotoccal glomerulonephritis managed?

A

Antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes minimal change disease?

A

Idiopathic

Drugs

  • NSAIDs
  • Rifampicin

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Thymoma

Infectious mononucleosis

17
Q

How does minimal change disease present?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

Normotension

Highly selective proteinuria, only intermediate size proteins leak through

18
Q

How is minimal change disease managed?

A

Prednisolone for 16 weeks and slow taper over 6 weeks

Further steroids for initial relapse

Cyclophosphamide for steroid resistant cases

19
Q

What biopsy sign is seen in minimal change disease/non-proliferative glomerulonephritis?

A

Fused podocytes

20
Q

What is the prognosis of minimal change disease?

A

1/3 have just one episode

1/3 have infrequent relapses

1/3 have frequent relapses which stop before adulthood

21
Q

What causes focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?

A

Idiopathic

Secondary to other renal pathology

  • IgA nephropathy
  • Reflux nephropathy

HIV

Heroin

Alport’s syndrome

Sickle-cell

22
Q

How is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis managed?

A

Immunosuppression

23
Q

What are the two types of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis?

A

Anti Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)

Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM)

24
Q

How is membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis managed?

A

High dose steroids

Cyclophosphamide/Immunosuppression

Plasma exchange

25
Q

What is rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

A

Describes the rapid loss of renal function associated with the formation of epithelial crescents in the majority of glomeruli, presenting as nephritis syndrome

26
Q

What is nephrotic syndrome?

A

Damage to the glomerular basement membrane resulting in a triad of proteinuria (> 3g/24hr) causing hypoalbuminaemia (< 30g/L) and oedema

27
Q

What is Goodpastures syndrome?

A

Rare small-vessel vasculitis associated with both pulmonary haemorrhage and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, caused by anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies against type IV collagen

28
Q

What group is Goodpasture’s syndrome more common in?

A

Young males

29
Q

How does Goodpasture’s present?

A

Pulmonary haemorrhage

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, typically resulting in a rapid onset acute kidney injury

  • Proteinuria + haematuria
30
Q

What investigations are used in Goodpasture’s diagnosis?

A

Renal biopsy

  • Linear IgG deposits along the basement membrane

Raised transfer factor secondary to pulmonary haemorrhages

31
Q

How is Goodpasture’s managed?

A

Plasmapheresis

Steroids

Cyclophosphamide

32
Q

How is nephrotic syndrome managed?

A

Oedema: Loop diuretics, Salt/fluid restriction

HTN: RASS blockage

Thrombosis Risk: Heparin, Warfarin

Hyperlipidaemia: Statins

33
Q

Give complications of nephrotic syndrome

A

DVT

PE

Renal vein thrombosis, resulting in a sudden deterioration in renal function

Hyperlipidaemia

Acute coronary syndrome, stroke etc

chronic kidney disease

Infection

Hypocalcaemia

34
Q

What is haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

A

Combination of haemolysis with red cell fragmentation, thrombocytopenia and AKI

35
Q

What causes rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Wegener’s granulomatosis

SLE

Microscopic polyarteritis

Renal (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions