Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

dk renal > Glomerulonephritis > Flashcards

Glomerulonephritis Flashcards

(43 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is glomerulonephritis?

A

immune mediated of the glomeruli and secondary tubulointerstitial damage, eventually leading to damage of the podocytes/basement membrane/mesangial cells. this causes proteinuria/haematuria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

damage to the _____ results in nephrotic syndrome?

A

podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

clinical features of nephrotic syndrome?

A 
damaged podocytes = non proliferative GN
proteinuria (>3g/day) FROTHY urine 
hypoalbuminaemia <25g/L)
oedema
hyperlipidaemia

kidney function remains normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

damage to ___ results in nephritic syndrome?

A

damaged endothelial cells = proliferative GN
haematuria (+++) dysmorphic RBCs and RBC casts*
oligouria
mild hypertension

risk of acute renal failure!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which is more serious nephrotic or nephritic syndrome?

A

nephritic syndrome!! - risk of acute renal failure

renal function remains normal in nephrotic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

diseases that cause primary nephrotic syndrome?

A
  • minimal change GN
  • follicular segmental glomerulosclerosis
  • Membranous GN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

diseases associated with nephritic syndrome?

A
  • IgA nephropathy (days after URTI)
  • rapidly progressive (crescentric) GN (vasculitis/goodpasteures)
  • membranous proliferative GN (SLE, Hep B/C)
  • post infectious GN
  • HSP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what investigations can be done on a renal biopsy?

A

light microscopy
electron microscopy
immunofluorescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the principle aims of GN treatment?

A
  • reduce proteinuria
  • induce remission for nephrotic syndrome
  • preserve long term kidney function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the BP targets for someone with/without proteinuria?

A

without proteinuria: <130/86

with proteinuria: <120/75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

levels of proteinuria for partial vs complete remission?

A

partial remission: <300mg/day

complete remission: <3mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
proteinuria levels for...
microalbuminuria?
asymptomatic proteinuria?
heavy proteinuria?
nephrotic syndrome?
A

microalbuminuria: <300 mg/day
asymptomatic proteinuria: <1g/day
heavy proteinuria: 1-3g/day
nephrotic syndrome: >3g/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the most common type of (non-proliferative) GN in children?

A

minimal change nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

investigation of choice for minimal change nephropathy?

A

electron microscopy - fused,flattened podocytes

note: cant see any disease with LM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

you can see pathology in minimal change nephropathy using light microscopy?

A

false! must use electron microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

treatment for minimal change nephropathy?

A

1st line: steroids (complete remission in 90%)

2nd line: cyclophosphamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

does minimal change nephropathy cause renal failure?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is follicular segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?

Study These Flashcards
A

non-proliferative GN - nephrotic syndrome

commonest cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

19
Q

investigation for FSGS?

Study These Flashcards
A

light microscopy of renal biopsy = shows effacement of foot processes

20
Q

causes of FSGN?

Study These Flashcards
A

genetic or due to HIV, drugs, Hep B/C, reflux nephropathy

21
Q

treatment for FSGN

Study These Flashcards
A

steroids, immunosuppression

transplant is often required as 50% end up with renal failure within ten years

22
Q

findings on renal biopsy of membranous glomerulonephritis?

Study These Flashcards
A

LM - thickening of the GBM
IF - IgG deposits and C3 along GBM
EM- electron dense sub-epithelial deposits (spike & dome appearance)

23
Q

what is the most common type of GN worldwide?

Study These Flashcards
A

IgA nephropathy

24
Q

when does IgA nephropathy appear?

Study These Flashcards
A

1-2 days after URTI, GI infection, HSP

25
findings on renal biopsy of IgA nephropathy?
proliferation of mesangial cells, | IgA and C3 deposits
26
prognosis for IgA nephropathy?
25% go onto have renal failure in 10-30 years
27
rapidly progressive GN is also known as?
crescentric GN
28
a man presents with sob, haemoptysis and haematuria, what does he have?
goodpastures syndrome
29
what type of hypersensitivity reaction occurs in goodpastures syndrome?
type II hypersensitivity reaction (immune comples), anti-GBM IgG attacks proteins in the alveoli and kidneys
30
treatment of goodpastures
high dose immunosuppression as any renal damage is irreversible
31
HSP can cause RPGN. what is HSP?
type of small vessel vasculitis seen in kids after an URTI (group A strep) IgA attaches to the intestines and kidneys causing bloody diahorrea, haematuria, abdominal pain and a palpable purpuric rash on the buttocks treatment is supportive
32
what are some ANCA positive (+) causes of RPGN?
GPA- cANCA, anti-PR3 | MPA - pANCA, anti-MPO
33
what are some ANCA negative (-) causes of RPGN?
goodpastures HSP SLE
34
what type of GN is associated with both nephritic and nephrotic syndrome?
membraneoproliferative GN
35
most cases of minimal change GN are idiopathic, but some are associated with...
hodgkins lymphoma
36
how does damage to the podocytes result in albumin leaking out in nephrotic syndrome?
normally the foot processes of the podocytes are negatively charged and repel the albumin (also negatively charged). Immune cells damage the podocytes processes (and removes the repelling force)
37
treatment for membranous glomerulonephritis?
ACEi for all patients, steroids, anti-coagulate high risk patients
38
prognosis for membranous glomerulonephritis?
rule of thirds | 30% remission, 30% CKD, 30% ESRF
39
which type of GN typically presents as macroscopic haematuria in a young person, days after an URTI?
IgA nephropathy
40
IgA nephropathy is a type ___ hypersensitivity reaction?
type 3, immune complex mediated (IgA, C3 deposits)
41
most common type of GN in adults?
membranous glomerulonephritis (causes nephrotic syndrome)
42
triad of nephrotic syndrome?
oedema hypoalbuminaemia (usually less then 30g/L) heavy urinary protein loss (more than 3g/24hours
43
some complications of nephrotic syndrome?
VTE and infections (due to loss of immunoglobulins)

dk renal (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions