Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y2 Renal > Glomerulonephritis > Flashcards

Glomerulonephritis Flashcards

1
Q

common causes of glomerular disease (4)

A

diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, amyloid nephropathy, transplant glomerulonephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

commonest cause of renal failure in adults

A

diabetic nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

second commonest cause of renal failure in adults

A

chronic glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pathogenesis behind glomerulonephritis

A

immune mediated disease of the kidneys affecting the glomeruli with tubulointerstitial damage - usually driven by antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 different patterns of injury in glomerulonephritis

A

Mesangial cells, endothelial cells, podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Proliferative injury in glomerulonephritis (2)

A

endothelial or mesangial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do mesangial cells cause proliferative damage in the kidney?

A

release Ang II, vasoconstric, cause chemokines and inflammatory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do endothelial cells cause proliferative damage in the kidneys?

A

cause a vasculitis which causes rapid damage to the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does damage to podocytes cause kidney damage?

A

podocytes atrophy causing loss of the barrier and thus protein but no blood will leak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nephrotic syndrome is a triad of…

A

hypoalbuminaemia, proteinuria, oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Presentation of nephrotic syndrome may be…

A

mild increase in BP, normal to mild decrease in GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nephritic syndrome tends to have…

A

proteinuria, haematuria (micro/frank) and potentially hypoalbuminaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Presentation of nephritic syndrome may be…

A

mod-severe increased in BP, mod-severe decrease in GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does glomerulonephritis lead to increased BP?

A

damage to glomerulus restricts blood flow, leading to compensatory BP increase to try and restore flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does glomerulonephrities lead to protein and blood in the urine?

A

damage to podocytes leads to protein and blood leaking into urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glomerulonephritis likely to cause nephrotic syndrome

A

Membranous, minimal change, FSGS, mesangiocapillary

17
Q

Secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome

A

diabetes, SLE, amyloid, Hep B/C

18
Q

Glomerulonephritis likely to cause nephritic syndrome

A

IgA nephropathy, Mesangiocapillary

19
Q

Secondary causes of neprhitic syndrome

A

Post-streptococcal, vasculitis, Anti-GBM

20
Q

Blood tests to do to assess glomerulonephritis

A

FBC, U&Es, LFTs, ESR, CRP, Ig, Complement, autoantibodies

21
Q

What autoantibodies should be tested for in glomerulonephritis?

A

ANCA, Anti-GBM, dsDNA, ANA, HBsAg

22
Q

What tests (general) should be done to assess glomerulonephritis?

A

Blood tests, urine, imaging, ?Renal biopsy

23
Q

What imaging should be done to assess glomerulonephritis?

A

CXR

Renal USS

24
Q

Why are ACEi and ARBs useful in management of glomerulonephritis?

A

decreased proteinuria, decrease BP

25
Q

Commonest glomerulonephritis in developed world

A

IgA nephropathy

26
Q

How does IgA nephropathy normally present?

A

haematuria (micro/frank)

27
Q

Typical patient for IgA nephropathy

A

young man with episodic haematuria but well between attacks

28
Q

Features of Henoch Schonlein Purpura

A

purpuric rash on extensor surfaces, flitting polyarthritis, abdo pain, nephritis

29
Q

What is Henoch Schonlein Purpura?

A

A systemic variant of IgA nephropathy causing a small vessel vasculitis

30
Q

Anti-GBM autoantibodies are specifically against?

A

Type IV collagen

31
Q

Where is Type IV collagen found?

A

in the basement membranes of the lung and kidney - causes pulmonary haemorrhage in smokers

32
Q

Treatment of Anti-GBM glomerulonephritis

A

plasma exchange + steroids +/- cytotoxics

33
Q

What is post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

A

diffuse, proliferative GN occuring 1-12 weeks after a sore throat of skin infection

34
Q

Tests for post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

A

Anti-streptolysin O and decreased C3

35
Q

Biopsy findings in rapidly progressive GN

A

all have crescents affecting the glomeruli

36
Q

3 categories of rapidly progressive GN

A

immune complex disease (45%), ANCA +ve disease (50%), anti-GBM (5%)

37
Q

How does rapidly progressive GN present?

A

AKI +/- systemic features - pulmonary haemorrhage is the commonest cause of death in ANCA +ve patients

38
Q

Treatment for rapidly progressive GN

A

immunosuppression, steroids, plasma exchange and cyclophosphamide

Y2 Renal (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions