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Y2 Renal > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

An upper UTI involves….

A

may involve the kidneys

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2
Q

A lower UTI involves…

A

the urethra and bladder

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3
Q

The upper urinary tract includes (2)

A

the kidneys, the ureters

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4
Q

The lower urinary tract includes (2)

A

the urethra and bladder

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5
Q

The kidneys are within the _______ peritoneum

A

retro

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6
Q

The ____ _____ is within the perineum

A

distal urethra

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7
Q

The _____ ureters, ______ and proximal _____ are within the pelvis

A

The distal ureters, bladder and proximal urethra are within the pelvis

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8
Q

When looking anteriorly, the renal vein/artery, sits anteriorly?

A

When looking anteriorly, the renal vein sits anteriorly

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9
Q

4 layers of the retroperitoneum before the renal capsule

A

visceral peritoneum, paranephric fat, renal fascia, perinephric fat

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10
Q

muscle next to the vertebrae behind the kidney

A

psoas major

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11
Q

posterior abdominal wall muscle aka…

A

left quadrantus lumborum

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12
Q

anterolateral abdominal wall muscles (3)

A

external oblique, internal ooblique, transversus abdominus

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13
Q

The kidneys lie _____ to quadratus lumborum and lateral to _____ _____

A

The kidneys lie anterior to quadratus lumborum and lateral to psoas major

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14
Q

The right kidney lies at vertebral levels…

A

L1-L3

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15
Q

The left kidney lies at vertebral levels

A

T12-L2

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16
Q

Which ribs lie posterior to the kidneys?

A

floating ribs, 11 and 12

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17
Q

Which anatomical regions are the kidneys found?

A

the right and left lumbar ‘flank’ regions

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18
Q

the right kidney is posterior to… (4)

A

liver, hepatorenal recess, 2nd part of the duodenum, ascending colon right colic flexure

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19
Q

The left kidney is posterior to…(4)

A

the stomach, tail of the pancreas, the hilum of the spleen, the splenic vessels

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20
Q

the common iliac arteries are ____ to the common iliac veins

A

anterior

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21
Q

the lymph from the kidneys drains to…

A

the lumbar nodes (around the abdominal aorta and IVC)

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22
Q

the lymph from the ureters drains to…

A

the lumbar and iliac nodes)

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23
Q

the abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of…

A

the umbilicus

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24
Q

the ureteric arterial supply is branches from…(5)

A

renal artery, abdominal aorta, the common iliac artery, the internal iliac artery, the bladder artery

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25
Q

the ureter normally travels ____ to the IVC

A

anterior

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26
Q

structure of a nephron from glomerulus to minor calyx

A

glomerulus –> proximal convuluted tubule –> loop of henle –> distal convoluted tubule –> collecting duct –> minor calyx

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27
Q

Where are the kidney nephrons found?

A

the renal pyramid (around 50,000 per pyramid)

28
Q

Pathway from nephrons to ureter

A

collecting duct–> minor calyx –> major calyx –> renal pelvis –> ureter

29
Q

the first constriction in urine drainage occurs at…

A

the pelvicureteric junction

30
Q

3 sites of ureteric constriction

A

pelviureteric junction, ureter, ureteric orifice (opening into bladder)

31
Q

kidney stones are…

A

renal calculi

32
Q

the ureter has ____ ___ which tries to increase peristalsis in an attempt to clear an obstruction

A

smooth muscle

33
Q

a patient with a ureteric obstruction will experience _____ pain due to the peristalsis

A

colicky

34
Q

what is renal failure?

A

failure to adequately filter the blood to produce urine

35
Q

describe hydronephrosis

A

urine back pressure into the calyces compresses the nephrons leading to renal failure

36
Q

pelvic floor muscle…

A

levator ani

37
Q

what level do the ureters enter the posterior aspect of the bladder?

A

the ischial spine

38
Q

vesical arteries supply the…

A

bladder

39
Q

the vesical arteries are branches of…

A

the internal iliac

40
Q

what muscle fibres encircle the ureteric orifices?

A

detrusor muscles

41
Q

in the male, the detrusor muscle fibres also forms…

A

the internal urethral sphincter

42
Q

the uterus is ____ to the bladder

A

superior

43
Q

pouch separating the uterus and the bladder

A

uterovesical pouch

44
Q

the prostate gland lies _____ to the bladder.

A

inferior

45
Q

external urethral sphincter is present in both males and female - TRUE/FALSE

A

True

46
Q

types of urethra in the male

A

the prostatic urethra, the spongy urethra (in the penis)

47
Q

where do the testes originate?

A

the posterior abdomen

48
Q

How do the testes move from the posterior abdomen?

A

through the inguinal canal to the scrotum

49
Q

contents of the spermatic cord (6)

A

testicular artery and vein (panpiniform plexus), the vas deferens, lymphatic vessels, nerves and somatic muscle

50
Q

within the scrotum, what does the testicle sit within?

A

the tunica vaginalis

51
Q

torsion of the testes is…

A

twisting of the spermatic cord and disruption of the blood supply to the testes.

52
Q

ejaculatory duct joins the ____ urethra within the _____

A

prostatic urethra, prostate

53
Q

where is the epididymis palpated?

A

the posterior aspect of the testis

54
Q

the vas deferens passes anteriorly/posteriorly to the bladder

A

posteriorly

55
Q

common location of prostatic cancer?

A

peripheral zone

56
Q

the inferior aspect of the prostate is in contact with…

A

levator ani

57
Q

corpus spongiosum is…

A

the anterior cylinder of the erectile tissue which transmits the urethra

58
Q

the spongy urethra is transmitted through?

A

the corpus spongiosum

59
Q

the three erectile tissue cylinder are?

A

2 R and L corpus cavernosum, the corpus spongiosum

60
Q

lymph from the scrotum and the majority of the penis (not glans) drains to…

A

the superficial inguinal nodes in the superficial fascia of the groin

61
Q

lypmh from the testis drains to…

A

the lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta

62
Q

blood supply to the penis is via the ____ arteirs of the penis

A

deep

63
Q

the deep arteries of the penis is supplied by the…

A

internal pudendal artery

64
Q

the internal pudendal artery is supplied by…

A

the internal iliac

65
Q

the blood supply to the scrotum is from…

A

the internal pudendal and branches of the external iliac artery

Y2 Renal (3 decks)

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