Glomerulonephritis

Question 1

What are the cellular differences between nephritic and nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 1

Nephritic is damage to the glomerular basement membrane whilst nephrotic is podocyte damage leading to glomerular charge barrier disruption

Question 2

What is the triad seen in nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 2

Proteinuria, oedema, hypoalbuminaemia

Question 3

What are 4 causes of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 3

Diabetes (most common)

Minimal change disease

Membranous glomerulanephritis

Focal segmental glomerulasclerosis (FSGS)

Question 4

Describe the changes seen in diabetic nephropathy?

Answer 4

Excess glucose binds to proteins especially at efferent arteriole thickening the lumen. Hyaline atherosclerosis obstructs blood flow. Overtime mesangial cells secrete more structural matrix thickening basement membrane that can’t respond to BP changes. Decreases GFR

Question 5

How do you manage nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 5

Diuretics, ACEi, treat underlying cause

Question 6

What is the triad seen in nephritic syndrome?

Answer 6

Haemoturia, hypertension, oliguria