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Urinary Tract Physiology > Glomerular Filtration > Flashcards

Glomerular Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

Name the factors affecting glomerular barrier passage (2)

A
  1. size (radius)

2. charge

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2
Q

Name some molecules that can pass through the glomerular filtration barrier

A 
water
small ions
glucose
amino acids
small hormones
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3
Q

What is the charge of the glomerular filtration barrier?

A

negative charge (because of glycoproteins on endothelium, basement membrane, and podocytes)

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4
Q

What is the primary measure of kidney function?

A

production rate of glomerular filtrate

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5
Q

Formula for renal plasma flow

A

RPF = RBF x (1-Hct)

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6
Q

Formula for filtration fraction

A

FF = GFR / RPF

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7
Q

Name 3 factor influencing the rate of filtration

A
  1. hydraulic permeability of the barrier
  2. surface area of the barrier
  3. net filtration pressure across the barrier
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8
Q

Formula for glomerular filtration rate

A

GFR = Kf x NFP

Kf = ultrafiltration coefficient
NFP = net filtration pressure
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9
Q

What is net filtration pressure?

A

algebraic sum of pressures across the glomerular barrier (Starling Forces!)

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10
Q

Name the Starling Forces (4)

A
  1. glomerular capillary pressure (hydraulic)
  2. Bowman’s space (hydraulic)
  3. plasma oncotic pressure
  4. oncotic pressure of Bowman’s space
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11
Q

What can change the filtration coefficient of the glomerulus?

A

increased glomerular surface area

results in increased GFR

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12
Q

What can change the hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries?

A
  • increased renal arterial pressure
  • decreased afferent-arteriolar resistance (afferent dilation)
  • increased efferent-arteriolar resistance (efferent constriction)
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13
Q

What can change the hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s capsule?

A

increased intratubular pressure (b/c of obstruction of tubule or extrarenal urinary system)

(results in decreased GFR)

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14
Q

What can change the oncotic pressure in glomerular capillaries?

A
  • increased systemic plasma oncotic pressure
  • decreased renal plasma flow

(results in decreased GFR)

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15
Q

Yes or No: Does capillary hydraulic pressure change greatly between the beginning and end of the glomerular capillaries?

A

no

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16
Q

Yes or No: Does net filtration pressure change much between the beginning and end of the glomerular capillaries?

A

yes

17
Q

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the sum of what 3 factors?

A
  1. net filtration pressure
  2. intra-capillary oncotic pressure
  3. pressure in Bowman’s space
18
Q

As the blood travels from afferent arteriole to efferent arteriole, does intra-capillary oncotic pressure increase or decrease?

A

increase

19
Q

As the blood travels from afferent arteriole to efferent arteriole, does net filtration pressure increase or decrease?

A

decrease

20
Q

How does each of the following affect GFR (increase or decrease)?

  1. Relaxation of glomerular mesangial cells expanding the glomerular filter
  2. Afferent-arteriolar dilation
  3. Efferent-arteriolar dilation
  4. Obstruction to the tubule or extrarenal urinary system
  5. Increased systemic oncotic pressure
  6. Decreased renal plasma flow
A
  1. increase
  2. increase
  3. decrease
  4. decrease
  5. decrease
  6. decrease
21
Q

How might an increase in intraglomerular pressure influence the quantity of protein found in the final urine?
A. increased proteinuria
B. no effect
C. Reduced proteinuria

A

A. increased proteinuria

22
Q 
How would you predict increased protein binding would affect renal excretion of a drug excreted largely by glomerular filtration?
A. increased excretion
B. decreased excretion
C. no effect on excretion
D. cannot predict effect on excretion
A

B. decreased excretion

23
Q 
Benazepril selectively dilates the post-glomerular arteriole.  In a patient with glomerular proteinuria, how would you predict it would affect proteinuria?
A. increased proteinuria
B. decreased proteinuria
C. no effect on proteinuria
D. cannot predict effect on proteinuria
A

B. decreased proteinuria

24
Q

What effect would a relative reduction in postglomerular arteriolar resistance have on filtration fraction?
A. increased filtration fraction
B. decreased filtration fraction
C. no effect on filtration fraction

A

B. decreased filtration fraction

25
Q

What effect would an increase in filtration fraction have on peritubular capillary reabsorption?
A. increased reabsorption
B. decreased reabsorption
C. no effect on reabsorption

A

A. increased reabsorption

Urinary Tract Physiology (9 decks)

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