Globalzation of Media and Religion

Question 1

transmits news, market information or adverts and/or entertainment in forms of drama, music and sports to audience around the world;
international radio and television stations and newspapers, including the internet, which transmit foreign information around the globe and-
have the ability to represent impersonal communication directed at a certain audience, to create and influence or control perceptions of what is important in the society, and to secretly manipulate the audience through advertising

(Iyorza & Ekwok, 2014)

Answer 1

Global Media

Question 2

The Three Paradigms of Communication

Answer 2

Communications and development/ modernization
Cultural Imperialism and Media Imperialism
Cultural pluralism

Question 3

◾Mass media’s task of building human capital
◾Mass media’s task of speeding up social transformation

Answer 3

(Wilbur Schramm)

Question 4

Mass media’s power to foster the learning of empathetic skills

Answer 4

(David Lerner)

Question 5

Media creates imagined communities

Answer 5

Benedict Anderson

Question 6

Mass media as a factor that intervenes between antecedent and consequences of modernization

Answer 6

Everett Rogers

Question 7

Media messages are dominantly derived from Western Industrialized states

Answer 7

Kraidy

Question 8

Media as an instrument of Major Powers

Answer 8

Hesmondhalgh

Question 9

Media as a contributor to the homogenization of global culture

Media recognizing the role of the audience

Answer 9

Matos

Question 10

◾Media moves yo heterogenization

Answer 10

Rantanen

Question 11

the modernization paradigm in the field of international communications argues that developing countries must take the Western path of development of promoting the free flow of information through the free market of ideas.

(Rantanen, 2005)

Answer 11

Communications and development

Question 12

Lack of human resources is the primary hindrance in the development of a country which is why education and mass media plays a critical role of building human capital

Answer 12

(Melkote and Steeves, 2001)

Question 13

Modernization is the process of change towards those types of social, economic, and political systems that have developed in Western Europe and North America from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth

Answer 13

Eisenstadt 1966, p. 1

Question 14

stated that in order for societies to achieve development, they must follow the Western concept of modernity

Answer 14

David Lerner

Question 15

– Imagined Communities- role of printed communication and capitalism in instilling nationalism and the sense of belongingness among people who do not know each other , by creating imagined communities.

Answer 15

Benedict Anderson’s(1983)

Question 16

Roger’s Model of Mass Media

Answer 16

Antecedents-> Process-> Concequences

Question 17

Argues that global audiences are more expored on the messages of the westernmedia

Answer 17

Cultural Imperialism

Question 18

global audiences are exposed to media messages dominantly deriving from Western industrialized states (Kraidy, 2002).
a new form of indirect power and concern has emerged with the end of the age of direct political and economic control by colonial states (Hesmondhalgh, 2005).

Question 19

global audiences are exposed to media messages dominantly deriving from Western industrialized states (Kraidy, 2002).
a new form of indirect power and concern has emerged with the end of the age of direct political and economic control by colonial states (Hesmondhalgh, 2005).

Answer 19

Cultural Imperialism

Question 20

the global domination of media production by a small number of Western and transnational media conglomerates.

(Iyorza & Ekwok, 2014)

Answer 20

Media Imperialism

Question 21

Third world countrie formed the non alighed movement. against the uneven flow of information

Answer 21

Havana Declaration

Question 22

Global Audiences are exposed to media messages dominantly deriving from Western Industrialized States.

Answer 22

(Kraidy, 2002)

Question 23

Modern Communication Media: designed to maintain and expand dependence and domination over the world

Answer 23

(Fejes, 1981)

Question 24

Criticisms od Cultural Imperialism

Answer 24

Lack of Theoretical Coherence

Romanticizing the National as an Agent of recsitance

Cynical approach to media in developing countires

Question 25

employs a more optimistic perspective on the role of the audience and its capacity to react, resist, and recreate information and ideas that media exposes them (Rantanen, 2005)

Answer 25

Cultural Pluralism

Question 26

can be expected that new characteristics will be produced in the contents of doctrines, rituals, and practices.
implies the inevitable transformation of individual religious organizations

globalization will be accompanied by changes in the human beings supporting religions, particularly in their intellectual perspectives.
.

Answer 26

GLOBALIZATION
OF
RELIGION

Question 27

RELIGION CAN BE DEFINED IN TWO ASPECTS: (HAYNES, 2006)

Answer 27

MATERIAL SENSE
SPIRITUAL SENSE

Question 28

Religious beliefs are capable of motivating individuals and groups to collectively mobilize to achieve political goals and suppress mass actions as a tool of repression.

Answer 28

MATERIAL SENSE

Question 29

Idea of transcendence
Relates with sacredness or holiness and system of practice and language
It concerns ultimacy on how “it relates people to the ultimate conditions of existence”

Answer 29

SPIRITUAL SENSE

Question 30

posited that society undergoes 3 stages:
1. Theological 2. Metaphysical 3. Positivist/scientific

Answer 30

COMTE

Question 31

argues that men will undergo modernization which is a process of disenchantment of the universe with the replacement of bureaucratization, rationalization, and secularization over the magical, the metaphysical, and the religious

Answer 31

W
E
B
E
R

Question 32

the individualization of the societies break the bonds of the community

Answer 32

DURKHEIM

Question 33

Religion as the opium of the people created by the material conditions. Believed that religion would have no place in a communist society where all individuals are treated equally with the eradication of class division and the existence of the state.

Answer 33

MARX

Question 34

Religion is differential & autonomous from other institutions that results to its loss of power and social control

Answer 34

Differentiation

Question 35

associated with the weakening of religion that is manifested in
1) the societal level where there is a collapse in worldview
2) individual level where people no longer believe in God.

Answer 35

Rationalization

Question 36

Religious organizations begin to cater to their member’s psychological needs

Answer 36

Worldliness

Question 37

4 BASIC POSITIONS
Disappearance of religion thesis (Comte) - where religion is replaced by science
Decline of religion thesis (Weber) - where there is the decline of the religious but not necessarily or the complete triumph of the scientific worldviews
Privatization thesis (Luckman) – institutionalized religions are replaced by personalized faiths
Transformation thesis (Parsons) – religion is undergoing generalization across social systems, with the sacred becoming more fragmented but not less public

Answer 37

GORSKI

Question 38

reaffirms the clash of civilization thesis and argues the revival and resurgence of religion as a consequence of globalization.

Answer 38

Azzouzi

Question 39

Refers to religious revivalism as anti-rationalist faith
The argument is in opposition to both Thomas (2005) and Azzouzi
Post-modern perspective: “multicultural, international society reflecting religious pluralism in pursuit of multiple modernities.”

Answer 39

Scholte

Question 40

While anti-rationalism can be ascribed to religions, this would refer to the characteristics of extremist and fundamentalist religions.

Answer 40

Azzouzi

Question 41

Cautions that it may be very misleading to see the global resurgence of religion as the “clash of civilizations”, “fundamentalism” or “ extremism”

Answer 41

Thomas (2005)

Question 42

Inadequate recognition of Samuel Huntington of the diversity with cultures.

Answer 42

Amartya Sen (1999)

Question 43

Religion would be raised on an international agenda.

Answer 43

Norris and Inglehart (2011)

Question 44

Resurgence of Religion based on the “Political mythology of liberal modernity”

Answer 44

Thomas