Global City Flashcards
an urban centre that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system Brenner, 1998)
Global City
Primary mode in the global economic network
Alderson and Beckerfield, 2004)
Created, facilitated, and enacted in strategic geographic locales according to a hierarchy of importance
Smith, 2003)
Important focal point for business, global trade, finance, tourism, and globalization to exist
(Sassen, 1994)
Pioneered the researches regarding the realm of a Global City
Friedman
Made a more solid and grounded attempt to carefully appraise and analyze the concept of Global City
Flow of information and capital
Saskia Sassen
Essential Traits of a Global City
Apparent presence of a variety of international financial services
Headquarter of multinational corporations
Existence of financial headquarters, stock exchange, and financial institutions
Domination of trade and economy of a large surrounding area
Major manufacturing centers
Decision-making powers
Center of new ideas and innovation in business, economics, culture, and politics
Global point of media and communication for global networks
Dominance of the national region with international significance
High employment in the services and information sector
High-quality educational institutions
Multi-functional infrastructure offering of the best legal, medical, and entertainment facilities
High diversity in language, culture, religion, and ideologies.
created the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC)
GaWC research bulletin
Jon Beaverstock, Richard Smith, and Peter Taylor
are ranked by their connectivity through four “advanced producer services” : accountancy, banking/finance, law, and advertising
GaWC Study
Countries are then labeled into 4 classifications:
- Alpha++ City -most integrated with the global economy
- Alpha+ City- highly integrated cities
- Alpha City- link major economic states and regions to the world economy
- Alpha – City- Economies are still on a higher scale but aren’t considered as highly integrated
The Three Key Tendencies of Global City
Concentration of wealth in the hands of owners, partners, and professions associated with the high-end firms in the system.
Growing disconnection between city and its regions.
Growth of a large marginalized population that has a very hard time earning a living in the marketplace defined by these high-end facilities.
A widening separation in the quality of life between a relatively small elite and a much larger marginalized population.
A growth of high-security gated communities and shopping areas.
Dramatically different graphs of median income for different socioeconomic group.
Observable features of modern urban life throughout much of the World
Created avenues for people to migrate
(Hall and Pain, 2006)
the study of human population – their size, composition and distribution across space – and the process through which populations change.
Demography
-Rising life expectancy-Can either strengthen or weaken the economy.
“Global population explosion”
population explosion
-Impacts economic development
Population momentum”
Why fertility rate decreases?
The fertility decline in low income countries can be ascribed to a number of factors, including declines in infant mortality rates, greater level of educations and increased labor market opportunities among women, and the provision of family services. (Kelley 1988)
Why infant and child mortality rate significantly decrease?
Infant and child mortality rate will continue to decrease due to the globally improved nutrition, public health interventions related to water and sanitation, and medical advances like the use of vaccines and antibiotics.
Factors that affect life expectancy
Socio-Economic status
Quality and access of health systems
Economic wellbeing
Health behaviours
Employment
Social, genetic and environmental factors
Central Thesis: That rapid population growth would lead to the exhaustion of resources (most importantly food).
Malthusian Theory
Societies with large populations can take advantage of economies of scale and are better-equipped for trade.
Simon Smith Kuznets
The prices of natural resources decline as growing populations make technological improvements to respond to their needs
Julian Lincoln Simon
When population grows and puts pressure on food supply, people will learn to innovate to find solutions.
Ester Boserup
human ingenuity can resolve any environmental or scoial issues that develop
Cornucopian theory
