Globalization, Anti-globalization & Race

Question 1

‘race’ as a social construct

Answer 1

not a real thing, derived from capitalist social thought

Question 2

4 factors behind the emergence of ‘race’

Answer 2

1. slavery
   — shortage of labour 7 the supply of cheap slave labour
   — racism was a consequence of slavery
2. social control
   —system of laws introduced to separate these groups
   relaxed the servitude of euro-american indentured servants and intensified that of african american
3. liberalism
   —ideas of the french revolution & american revolution contradicted slavery (liberty, equality & fraternity)
4. wages of whiteness
   — once established, white supremacy became reproduced by elites & working class euro americans

Question 3

abolition of slavery & segregation

Answer 3

1865 - civil rights act outlawed the exclusion of african americans from public accommodations but supreme court voided the notion

people started to segregate washrooms - it was brought to the attention of the supreme court to overrule but they OK-ed it as long as the washrooms were of same importance

Question 4

indian act

Answer 4

1876-present

qualifies who the state recognizes as being indigenous (blood quantum, marriage, education)

Question 5

what is the left case for open borders - Joseph Carens

Answer 5

1. says the left case wing argues ‘real freedom’ and equality can only be achieved through the global decision to eliminate political oppression and reduce economic differences
2. 2 risks presented of open borders and practical politics
   —the right sees open borders as a way of undermining current social protections
   —most people don’t accept the idea of open borders but are against religious discsimination against admissions

Question 6

what is the left case for open borders - celien cantant

Answer 6

1. borders play a key role in sustaining the idea of a nation (signify a separation between those deemed to belong and seen as not belonging & operate as a filter and hierarchizing function, treating people differently based on racialized, gendered and class perceptions)

2.argues that the left should advocate for an internationalist perspective recognizing the role that nation-states play in supporting global economic systems

3. emphasizes the need for solidarity among workers across borders noting the need to address issues related to capitalism, exploitation and filtering who belongs to the national community and who doesn’t

Question 7

Matthew Lyons - alt right: origins & develoopment

Answer 7

1. alt right is a far right movement that emphasizes internet activism, is hostile to both multicultural liberalism & mainstream conservatism and has had a symbiotic relationship with Donald Trump
2. origin & development
   — introduced by richard spender in 2008
   —created an online magazien for far right views & term alt right was tied to white nationalism
   —now discuss on platforms like reddit & 4chan

Question 8

Matthew Lyons - alt right: ideological currents & beliefs

Answer 8

1. varying alt rights have different views on Jews
   —most regard as dangerous & the reason for the decline of euro civilization
   —neo nazi alt rights consider them as pure evil
   —others advocate an alliance with right wing jews against muslims and immigrants of colour
2. misogynistic ideal that women need & want men to rule over them
   —reflects the influence of the manosphere, an online antifeminist subculture of men who claim that men in the US are oppressed by feminism
3. believe that homosexuality is immoral and a threat to racial survivial
   —but they soemtimes welcome gay men but still denounce gay culture

Question 9

Matthew Lyons - alt right: relationship w Donald Trump

Answer 9

alt rights recognized that trump wasn’t one of them but believed that his campaign could weaken the republican party & shift political discussion in ways that alt rights could use to promote their ideology

alt rights supported his campaign through online activism, & discrediting his opponents by using abusive messaged, death threats, doxxing & in return trump’s campaign gave alt rights greater visibility

alt lights were created
- took on the role of apologists or supporters for the alt right but without embracing their full ideology

Question 10

Sara Farris: Femonationalism

Answer 10

proposed as an ideological framework to analyze the reasons for the intersection among nationalists, feminists and neoliberals

Question 11

if iphones were made in the US they’d cost approx 30k - why? (3 confirmed + 1 bonus)

Answer 11

1. cost of labour in the us is higher than developing countries
2. adverse working conditions (other countries may not have trade unions or work longer hours = can make apple products faster)
3. disarticulated production & global commodity chain (most of apple parts are made outside of the us)
4. apple benefits from low taxes on the the global commodity chain (pays approx 2% vs if production was in the us they’d pay 35%)