Globalisation - Theories Of Development

Question 1

Capitalism

Answer 1

An economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange of wealth is owned by private individuals whose main aim is to make profits

Question 2

Ethnocentric

Answer 2

Making judgements, often negative, about other cultures and places based on ones own cultural experience

Question 3

Kleptocracy

Answer 3

Corrupt elites in the developing world who defraud their own people by pocketing aid, taking bribes etc

Question 4

Tiger economies

Answer 4

A term used to describe fast growing economies in south east Asia

Question 5

TNCS

Answer 5

Global businesses that produce and market goods and brands across the developed and developing worlds

Question 6

Achieved status

Answer 6

Refers to a social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit

Question 7

Communism

Answer 7

A political system and set of beliefs that stresses shared ownership of property by the group or community

Question 8

Free market

Answer 8

A market free from state intervention plus low taxation and public spending

Question 9

Collectivism

Answer 9

The notion that members of the tribal/family unit put the interests of the group before self interest

Question 10

Meritocracy

Answer 10

A system that rewards people on the basis of merit

Question 11

Cultural imperialism

Answer 11

Global dominance of American culture e.g. McDonald’s and Disney

Question 12

The core

Answer 12

A term used by dependency theorists to describe the centre of economic activity, profiting from an exploitative relationship with satellite states

Question 13

Mass consumption

Answer 13

A social and economic order that is based on the systematic creation and fostering of a desire to purchase goods and services in ever greater amounts

Question 14

Neo liberalism

Answer 14

The view that the free market is the best way of organising societies against government intervention

Question 15

Colonialism

Answer 15

An exploitative system in which European powers had direct political control over most of the developing world mainly through military power

Question 16

Universalism

Answer 16

The idea that occupational roles be allocated on the basis of universal norms such as achievement measured by exams and qualifications

Question 17

Subsistence farming

Answer 17

Self sufficiency farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed their families

Question 18

Neo colonialism

Answer 18

Refers to the continuation of past economic domination of former colonial powers through the use of TNCs, aid, trade

Question 19

Entrepreneur

Answer 19

An owner or manager of a business enterprise who makes money through risk and initiative

Question 20

Fatalism

Answer 20

Attitude of resignation in the face of some future event which is thought to be inevitable

Question 21

Individualism

Answer 21

The notion that individual self interest should come before the interests of the group

Question 22

Infrastructure

Answer 22

The technical structures that support a society e.g. Roads, water, sewers, telecommunications

Question 23

Periphery nations

Answer 23

A term used by dependency theorists to describe countries in the developing world

Question 24

Ascribed status

Answer 24

The social status a person is assigned at birth

Question 25

Homogenous

Answer 25

Sharing the same or similar characteristics

Question 26

Cash crops

Answer 26

Crops that are grown for profit and for export in the free market economy

Question 27

Structural adjustment programmes

Answer 27

A set of policies imposing neo liberal policies on governments in developing countries

Question 28

Tariffs

Answer 28

Taxes on imports to protect a country’s own industries

Question 29

Social mobility

Answer 29

Movement from one class or status group to another

Question 30

Geographical mobility

Answer 30

The ability to move around the country, normally in pursuit of employment