Globalisation + Migration Flashcards
What is Globalisation?
Idea that barriers between societies are disappearing and that people are becoming increasingly interconnected across national boundaries
What is Globalisation the result of?
- growth of communication systems
- global markets
- expansion of the EU (freedom of movement)
What are the different types of migrant?
- permanent settlers
- temporary workers
- spouses
- forced migrants (e.g. refugees)
- students
Where was globalisation from before the 1990s?
The British Colonies
Who said that since the 1990s globalisation has led to a wide range of super diversity?
Vertovee 2007
What is the effect of super diversity?
Wider range of countries, ethnicities, legal status, cultures and religions
What are the 3 types of migrants that Cohen (2006) stated?
Citizens, denizens and helots
What is a citizen?
Legal right to settle
What are denizens?
Privileged wealthy foreign nationals
What are helots?
Slaves - units of labour including trafficked workers
What has happened to migrants in terms of men and women?
Migrants used to be men but now half of them are females
What do female migrants have to do?
Fit into the patriarchal stereotypes about men and women’s roles
E.g. carers, sexual services and domestic work
What do Ehrenreich and Hochschild (2003) state about the reason for the increase in female migrants?
- expansion of service occupations (increase demand for labour)
- less western women willing to perform domestic labour
- western men still unwilling to perform domestic labour
- state not providing adequate childcare
Who typically fill the roles that Ehrenreich and Hochschild (2003) talk about?
Filled by women from poor countries
What does Shutes (2011) report about care nurses in the UK?
That 40% of adult care nurses in the UK are migrant and female
What is a result of migrant women filling domestic roles?
The global transfer of women’s emotional labour to look after other people’s children and leave their own children in their home country
What (illegal) roles can migrant women also fulfil?
‘Mail order brides’ - reflecting gendered and racial stereotypes
Who has evidence to suggest that migrants have developed hybrid identities and what is this evidence?
Eade (1994) found that second generation Bangladeshi Muslims in the UK created hierarchal identities - Muslim first, Bengali second and British last
What does Eriksen (2007) suggest about transnational identities?
That globalisation has created more diverse migration patterns and more movement through networks rather than a settlement in another culture
What has made it easier to gain and maintain transnational identities?
Modern technology
What does the globalised economy mean for migrants?
Migrants have more links to other migrants around the world - than to their own home origin
What do state policies now seek to do?
They now seek to control immigration
