globalisation, green crime and state crime Flashcards
castells - globalisation
global criminal economy worth over £1 trillion - trafficking of arms, women, children, body parts, cultural artefacts, nuclear materials and endangered animals, sex tourism, cyber crimes, green crimes, international terrorism, smuggling illegal immigrants, drugs trade, smuggling of legal goods
Taylor - globalisation has created crimes at both ends and has allowed…
transitional corporations to switch manufacturing to low wage countries, producing job insecurity, unemployment and poverty
has also made inequality, leading to the increase in crime due to resentment and material deprivation
Glenny - McMafia
the organisations that emerged in Russia following the fall of communism - he traces the origins of transnational organised crime to the breakup of the soviet union which coincided with the deregulation of global markets
green crime - white distinguishes between types of criminology…
traditional criminology - subject matter is defined by criminal law and is therefore not concerned with green criminology
green criminology - proper subject of criminology is any action that harms the physical environment and humans or non human animals within it
white also distinguishes between types of harm…
anthropocentric - a human centred approach, the idea that humans have the right to use the world’s resources and dominate nature
ecocentric - humans and nature are interdependent, this is the view of green criminologists who see both humans and the environment as liable to exploitation
south - primary green crimes
crimes that result directly from the destruction and degradation of the earth’s resources
crimes of air pollution
crimes of deforestation
crimes of species decline and animal abuse
crimes of water pollution
south - secondary green crimes
crime that grows out of flouting or rules aimed at preventing or regulating environmental disasters
state violence against oppositional groups
hazardous waste and organised crime
environmental discrimination
state crime - mclaughlin
distinguishes between the types of state crime
political crimes (corruption and censorship)
crimes by forces (genocide, torture)
economic crimes (violation of health and safety laws)
social and cultural crime (institutional racism)
